<p>Kingwood Historic District is a national historic district located at Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 103 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Kingswood. Most of the buildings are two story, frame and masonry buildings. Notable buildings include the Preston County Courthouse , Kingswood National Bank Building , C.M. Bishop House , Preston Academy , IOOF Lodge , Bank of Kingswood , Bishop Block , Presbyterian Church , Methodist Church , Wilson Building , and Loar&#39;s Service Station . Located in the district and listed separately is the James Clark McGrew House.</p><br>
<p>Architects whose work is represented in the district include Stanton M. Howard of Wheeling for his Methodist Church, Milburn, Heister & Company of Washington, DC for their Bank of Kingwood Building, Carl Reger of Morgantown&#39;s Preston County Jail, and Richard M. Bates, Jr. of Huntington, who designed the former Preston Central High School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Cheekpoint is a village set on the confluence of the River Suir and the River Barrow. Lying beneath the 150 metre high Minaun Hill &#39; the village has panoramic views of Waterford Harbour, the 2131 ft. Barrow Bridge, which was once the longest bridge in Ireland, and Great Island Power Station now owned by Scottish Southern Energy SSE plc who purchased it from Endesa in 2012. The village is also surrounded by the Malting Woods which were planted by Cornelius Bolton.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>The Irish name for Cheekpoint is "Pointe na Síge", or perhaps "Pointe na Sí" (in English, Point of the Fairies). It is also claimed to mean Point of the Streak. Now it is thought that the name comes from a rock called Carraig na Síge out on the river near the low water mark which shows a trail of foam or streak with the ebbing tide.</p><br>
<p>Subsequently it was called Bolton but this name is now no longer used and the original is the only one recognises.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>Before the building of the pier at Dunmore East, Cheekpoint was a thriving village, being the station at which the mail packets from England for Waterford stopped. In addition there were cotton, rope, and hosiery factories which disappeared when the mail packet station was transferred to Dunmore East on July 1, 1818.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cheekpoint and the lands which surrounded it were owned of the Aylward family from Bristol, who had been granted 7000 acres of pastureland by King Henry II in 1177. They held it until Oliver Cromwell dispossessed them in 1649 when they refused to renounce Catholicism. Cromwell then gave the property to one of his officers, a Captain William Bolton. In 1783 Cornelius Bolton (1751–1829) built Faithlegg House after he had inherited the Faithlegg Estate from his father in 1779.</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Bolton was a very progressive landlord and he was very interested in helping his tenants to progress. He built the pier at the nearby village of Cheekpoint and then he built a textile factory, a rope factory and a hotel. However these enterprises failed and he went bankrupt in 1819. This was largely due to the mail packet station to Milford Haven in Wales being transferred to Dunmore East in 1818.</p><br>
<p>Sleater&#39;s "Topography of Ireland" published in 1806 has the following reference:- "Bolton, formerly called Cheekpoint, cotton factory and hoisery, established by Mr. Bolton. A most commodious Inn for passengers in the packets to and from Milford Haven in Pembrokershire. An earlier writer refers to it - "Mr. Cornelius Bolton lives very retired in the country and has employed a considerable part of his fortune in building a large village where he has established several important manufactures, particularly looms. The industry which he encourages in his colony renders it probable that his expense will be repaid him, and that it will become an object of utility to the public and of profit to him although suggested by motives of humanity ".</p><br>
<p>It also mentions "that to the spirited exertions of Mr. Bolton the citizens of Waterford were said to be primarily indebted for the establishment of the packets from England, and that the diversion of these packets from Cheekpoint to Dunmore East would be a serious loss to the proprietor of Cheekpoint who had expanded a considerable sum of money on hotels and other accommodations, unless Parliament should take this loss into consideration".</p><br>
<p>The decision by the British Government to grant the money to build the harbour at Dunmore East in 1814 spelt the end for the Cheekpoint enterprise and when the transfer of the mail packet took place in 1818 Cheekpoint ceased to have the passenger business which kept the village alive. The change from sail to steam meant that it would now be possible to run a service between Milford Haven and Ireland to a reasonable schedule and the new harbour at Dunmore East facilitated this greatly.</p><br>
<p>Cheekpoint was then only used as a fishery harbour in the 19th and 20th centuries and became famous for a certain type of small fishing craft called the Cheekpoint Prong which was 17 ft.6in. long with a 4 ft.8in. beam and was normally rowed or paddled. They were used for long lining and salmon fishing with drift nets, snap nets and draft nets.</p><br>
<p>In 1995 a series of groins (or groyne) were built up to 200 metres out in the river to divert the Cheekpoint Bar which was a mudbank impeding large vessels from travelling to the Port of Waterford. These groins resulted in the harbour at Cheekpoint silting up so badly that only small craft may now enter. The harbour is not used very often now by visiting craft because of this difficulty.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Rowlesburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Rowlesburg, Preston County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 51 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Rowlesburg. Most of the commercial buildings are two story, frame and masonry buildings, dating from about 1900 to 1950. Notable buildings include the St. Paul’s Methodist Protestant Church , St. Philomena’s Roman Catholic Church , Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church , Rowlesburg School, Waybright House, Weaver House, Nassif Home and Store building , Rowlesburg Area Historical Society/IOOF building , and Adams and Moore Store building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Newmarket Hill is situated in the parish of Kingston near Lewes. It is located midway between, and within walking distance of, two of the most important population centres in East Sussex, Brighton and Lewes.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Whilst the top of Newmarket Hill is in the parish of Kingston near Lewes, its northern slopes are in the parish of Falmer, and its southern slopes are in the parish of Rottingdean. It is 200m (656 feet) high, and is the highest hill in the area, with a prominence of 105m. It has therefore been classified as a Hump.</p><br>
<p>Like much of the Downs to the east of the River Adur the lack of a coastal plain has resulted in a strong maritime influence – frequent salt laden winds – which have helped maintain an open character to the hills. This has resulted in Newmarket Hill and the surrounding Downs being favoured for sheep grazing.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geology of Newmarket Hill is that of a bedrock of upper chalk, partially overlain by clay-with-flints.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistory</h3><br>
<p>In 1976 half of a polished Neolithic ceremonial axe head was found. An ancient route passed over the hill from Brighton to Lewes which was presumed to have been used in Roman times. A small hoard of Roman coins is recorded as having been found adjacent to it on or near the hilltop (TQ363070). The route is known as Juggs Road (otherwise known as Juggs Lane, or Juggs Way), and is an example of an ancient ridgeway. It was named after the Brighton fishwives who transported their fish for the market in Lewes by donkey in either baskets or earthenware jugs. Jug or Jugg was a nickname for the Brighton fisherman.</p><br>
<h3>Military reviews and sham fights</h3><br>
<p>When the Brighton Pavilion became a Royal residence in 1783, troops were stationed in Brighton. Large military reviews and sham fights for the spectacle of the general public were often held on the Downs beyond the Brighton Racecourse during the following 100 years. Newmarket Hill, the highest hill in its vicinity, is often mentioned as being involved in such mock battles.</p><br>
<p>On one occasion in 1797, with the Prince of Wales in attendance on Newmarket Hill, a giant water-spout defeated the whole army and soaked the spectators. It was the exact shape of an inverted church steeple.</p><br>
<p>In 1810, again with the Prince of Wales and many other individuals from high society in attendance, some 10,000 troops were watched by 30,000 spectators in the vicinity of Newmarket Hill. This was at a time when Brighton had a population of only about 10,000 people, and the nearby county town of Lewes, less than 3,000.</p><br>
<p>With the later advent of railways, in 1862 19,000 troops were able to be involved in the Battle of White Hawk Down. One of the purposes of this exercise was to evaluate the use of rail transport as an aid for troop movements. The railway network successfully transported that day over 132,000 troops and other passengers for the occasion. Again, Newmarket Hill was a strategic point in this exercise.</p><br>
<h3>John Dudeney</h3><br>
<p>John Dudeney (his surname was pronounced like the word scrutiny) was one of Sussex&#39;s most famous shepherds. He tended the Kingston flock of 1,400 sheep on Newmarket Hill from 1799 to 1802. It was here that he dug himself a library out of the chalk for his books which he bought with money from catching wheatears and moles. By this means he taught himself astronomy, French, Latin, Hebrew, mathematics, and European history. Thus it was that he was soon able to become a school teacher in Lewes.</p><br>
<h3>Newmarket Farm</h3><br>
<p>In about 1830, at or shortly before the Kingston Enclosures, a farm labourers cottage and barn was built. It was: "at the northern crest of the hill, a cattle fold, with barn and outbuildings, and a cottage for a labourer to attend to the stock. The cottage is an unusually substantial and comfortable house, built of flint and surrounded by a little patch of garden land."</p><br>
<p>It was occupied for a little over a hundred years until its requisition in 1942 by the military authorities. All of the surrounding downland between Woodingdean and Kingston near Lewes was similarly requisitioned for military exercises, which resulted its destruction and subsequent demolition by the end of the war.</p><br>
<p>In 1925 it was bought, along with the Balsdean and Norton farms to the south, by Brighton Corporation to prevent its previous owner, Oscar Selbach (father of the famous racing cyclist Maurice Selbach), from realising his property development plans. They wished to protect the Balsdean Valley watershed so it could provide drinking water for Brighton, and also for its amenity value.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<h2>Walks</h2><br>
<p>There are many walks that have been described:</p><br>
<p>The South Downs Way – Eastbourne, Newmarket Hill, Winchester – 160 km (99 miles)</p><br>
<p>The Felsenburg is a fortified castle and tower in the city of Bern and the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern and, together with the adjacent Untertorbrücke, it is a cultural property of national significance</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Felsenburg was built soon after the construction of the first Untertor Bridge connected the medieval city of Bern to the eastern bank of the Aare river. It was built as part of the defenses of the city and served to secure the eastern end of the bridge. The Felsenburg was probably built in 1260-70, but it is first mentioned in 1335. The original tower was open in the back, toward the city. The entire tower was renovated in 1583 and the open side was closed. During the renovation, the coat of arms of the Bernese city-state were painted on the exterior.</p><br>
<p>Between 1625-30, the gate was fortified, the end of the bridge was moved to the north, a new bridge was built over the moat and a bastion was added on the moat side. The next renovation took place in 1760-61. The gate arch was rebuilt and the tower&#39;s facade was completely redone. In 1783, a new, stone bridge was built over the moat and in 1820-21 the moat was filled in with stone. In 1862 the tower was sold to a private owner. Over the next two years, the new owner converted the tower into a rental house. Stairs were added to the north-east face and the gate arch from 1761 was demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Tower appearance</h2><br>
<p>The tower is rectangular in cross section. The longer sides are oriented to the north-west and south-east. The ground floor is 10.2 x. The north-east wall, that faced the moat, was originally part of the city wall. In the basement it is 2.2 m thick. The ground floor wall is 1.85 m while on the upper story it is only 65 cm thick. The south-west wall, which faced the city, is between 40 and thick. The five residential floors were all given rectangular windows during the conversion in 1862-64.</p><br>
<p>The Holländerturm  is a former defensive tower in the old city of Bern in Switzerland. It is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern. The tower was originally part of the city wall of Bern but was absorbed by the house at Waisenhausplatz 15.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The age of the tower is unclear. Near the top of the tower an inscription reads 1230-1885. Based on this inscription and other evidence, since the 19th Century it has been considered by many writers to be the one clear remnant of the Savoy city walls which were built between 1255 and 1260. However, Hofer states that the tower does not match either the inner or outer wall construction or position and is first shown in a drawing of the city from 1623. The late gothic windows are typical of the 16th and early 17th Centuries.</p><br>
<p>The distinctive upper story was added in the 17th Century by a Bernese officer who had served as a mercenary in Holland. It was at this point that the tower acquired the name Holländerturm. The tower was renovated in 1885.</p><br>
<p>The King Road–Whitefish River Bridge is a bridge located on King Road  over the Whitefish River in Limestone Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1910s, a system of three trunk line roads was constructed in Alger County. One of these roads ran from Trenary to Skandia. By the end of the decade, this road was nearly complete; the last link was the construction of a bridge over the Whitefish River. In 1919, the Michigan State Highway Department engineers designed what was designated as Trunk Line Bridge Number 264, based on a standard design that the agency had developed in 1913–14.</p><br>
<p>The agency awarded the contract to construct the bridge to Samuel Mills of Escanaba. Mills built the bridge in 1919 for $1,688.25. The trunk line, including this bridge, was later incorporated into US 41. Later still, the highway was re-aligned, and a new bridge was built over the Whitefish River approximately one-half mile south of this bridge. The 1.5 mi section of road that included the old bridge was redesignated King Road, and still carries local traffic.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The King Road–Whitefish River Bridge is a girder bridge built on two skewed 35 ft through girders, supported by concrete abutments and a center pier. The deck is a concrete slab, with the girders rising above to form the guardrails on either side. A bronze plate designating the bridge as a "Trunk Line Bridge" is mounted on the girders’ inside walls. The structure is findamentally unaltered, but has undergone a considerable amount of concrete spalling and chipping.</p><br>
<p>The King Road–Whitefish River Bridge is notable due in part to its relatively early construction date as a girder-style bridge and its two-span configuration.</p><br>
<p>The Pavelka Farmstead, also known as the Antonia Farmstead, is a house and a group of farm buildings located near Bladen in rural Webster County in south-central Nebraska. The farmstead provided a setting, and its occupants characters, for several of the works of author Willa Cather, who grew up in Webster County.</p><br>
<h2>Sadílek and Cather</h2><br>
<p>The family of Bohemian immigrants František and Antonie Sadílek arrived in Webster County in 1880; their daughter, Antonie (Annie), was twelve years old at that time. Three years later, the Cather family moved from Virginia to Nebraska, bringing their nine-year-old daughter Willa. The Cathers initially settled with relatives on the Divide, a narrow region of flat-lying plains between the watersheds of the Big Blue River to the north and the Republican River to the south. A year later, they moved into the city of Red Cloud to the south.</p><br>
<p>According to Willa Cather, she often saw Annie Sadílek during her youth. The wagon road from the Catherton precinct to Red Cloud passed near the Sadílek farm; and Annie later moved to Red Cloud, where she worked as a hired girl.</p><br>
<p>The young Cather was intrigued by the immigrants who had settled in south-central Nebraska, and by the Czechs in particular. In a 1923 essay, she wrote</p><br>
<p>Many of our Czech immigrants were people of a very superior type. The</p><br>
<p>political emigration resulting from the revolutionary disturbances of 1848 was distinctly different from the emigration resulting from</p><br>
<p>economic causes, and brought to the United States brilliant young</p><br>
<p>men from both Germany and Bohemia.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, Cather graduated from Red Cloud High School and moved to Lincoln to enroll in the University of Nebraska. In 1892, Annie Sadílek went west with a railroad employee. Shortly after, she returned to the family farm and bore her first child, a daughter named Lucille. In 1896, she married John Pavelka; the family subsequently grew to ten children, including Lucille, who took the name Pavelka.</p><br>
<h2>Pavelka farmstead</h2><br>
<p>In 1906, the Pavelkas bought a farm on the Divide, in the northern part of a small region settled by Bohemians. Soon thereafter, possibly in 1911, they bought a one-story two-room house, probably built in the late 19th century, which they moved from a nearby farm to their own. By 1915, they had constructed a -story addition on the south side, expanding the house to seven rooms.</p><br>
<p>The house lies along the east side of a courtyard centered on the well, delimited by farm buildings and trees. A large barn with its associated fencing forms the west side. Smaller sheds and granaries lie along the north and south sides; there are shelterbelts on the south and the north, with the remains of an orchard in the north shelterbelt. The principal entrance of the house opens into the courtyard rather than toward the road, in keeping with traditional Czech village construction.</p><br>
<p>A brick-vaulted cellar, with its entrance southwest of the house, was constructed at some time after the house&#39;s expansion.</p><br>
<h2>Cuzak and Rosicky</h2><br>
<p>Cather had remained in touch with her friends in Webster County, although she had moved from Nebraska to Pittsburgh and then to New York. In the fall of 1916, she paid an extended visit to Annie Pavelka. By the end of that year, she had the idea for My Ántonia; the book was completed by about the middle of 1918. The characters of Ántonia Shimerda Cuzak and Anton Cuzak were based on Annie and John Pavelka; the Pavelka place is described in the final chapter, "Cuzak&#39;s Boys", with a scene set in the cellar (in the novel, called the "fruit cave").</p><br>
<p>The Pavelkas are also the models for Anton and Mary Rosicky in Cather&#39;s 1932 story "Neighbour Rosicky&quot and the Pavelka farmstead is the setting of the story.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>John Pavelka died in 1926; Anna Pavelka, in 1955. At some time after both of them had died, probably in the 1950s, the house was remodelled: the porch was enclosed and given two external doors, and a south-facing gable window was raised. Several of the sheds have undergone significant deterioration.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is part of the Willa Cather State Historic Site, a collection of 26 individual sites and four historic districts in Webster County that are connected with Cather and her work.</p><br>
<p>The Homecroft Historic District is a national historic district bounded roughly by Madison Avenue, Southview Drive Orinoco Avenue and Banta Road in Homecroft, Perry Township, Marion County, Indiana. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1900, the Indianapolis, Columbus & Southern Interurban Company began service on an interurban rail line extending from downtown Indianapolis to several nearby towns. The line ran along Madison Avenue. In the late 1910s and early 1920s, increasing use of the automobile and public transportation led people to relocate farther from urban centers. The Homecroft site, located 4-1/2 miles from downtown alongside the Madison Avenue interurban, was a desirable location for relocation.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, The Frank E. Gates Real Estate Company bought the land and named the area "Homecroft." The firm consisted of Frank Gates and his son Oliver, and they had already developed several subdivisions in Indiana, Ohio and Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Homecroft Historic District is typical of 1920s suburbs built for middle-class families. It consists of 63 structures spread over 70 acre. Some of the homes are patterned after model houses built by the Gates Company, others are based on designs chosen by the original lot buyers. The houses are single-family homes; most are of modest size, one or one-and-a-half stories covered with brick or stone veneer. Architectural styles include Bungalow, American Craftsman, Colonial Revival, and Tudor Revival.</p><br>
<p>Sidewalks were run through the area in the 1930s by the Works Progress Administration, and the Gates Company planted maples along the streets, which are now matire.</p><br>
<p>The Homecroft Historic District is a suburb typical of those built in the 1920s for middle-class families. The district has remained cohesive despite the later encroachment of commercial strips along Madison Avenue, and has maintained the feel of a small satellite town.</p><br>
<p>The Sankaraparani River originates on the western slope of Gingee Hill in Viluppuram District of the State of Tamil Nadu. It has two sources, one in the Pakkammalai hills and one in the mountains of Melmalayanur. They join near Thenpalai village to form the main river. Sankaraparani is also known as Varahanadi or Gingee River.</p><br>
<h2>River course</h2><br>
<p>River Sankaraparani, flows to the east. The Annamangalam surplus joins near Melacheri. Then the river turns south in eastern part of Singavaram village and then flows east again. Second tributary Nariyar Odai joins Sankaraparani near Uranithangal village.</p><br>
<p>Near Vallam village, the river turns southeast to flow toward of Rettanai, Nedimozhiyanur, towards Veedur Dam. The third tributary Thondiar joins near Vidur. The Vidur reservoir across Sankaraparani is situated just below.</p><br>
<p>From Vidur reservoir, Sankaraparani flows southeast. Pambaiyar tributary joins near Radhapuram. Then Sankaraparani enters Puducherry Union Territory at Manalipet. Pambai tributary joins Sankaraparani near Sellipet.</p><br>
<p>Then Guduvaiyar River, the last tributary joins near Boat House. At this point, Sankaraparani is also called Chunnambar. From here it flows for 2 km before draining into Bay of Bengal at Paradise Beach.</p><br>
<p>The total length of the river is 78.5 km. Of the total length, 34 km flows in Puducherry.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Sankaraparani river has six tributaries namely:</p><br>
<p>* Annamangalam surplus</p><br>
<p>* Nariyar Odai</p><br>
<p>* Thondiar</p><br>
<p>* Pambaiyar</p><br>
<p>* Pambai</p><br>
<p>* Guduvaiyar</p><br>
<h2>Distributary</h2><br>
<p>The only distributary of Sankaraparani is Ariyankuppam River that branches near Thirukanchi.</p><br>
<h2>History of a flood in times bygone</h2><br>
<p>There is a history that there was once great flooding of this river. The exact timing of the flood may need experts in history to tell us. However, the two proofs are: (1) The fossil park at Tiruvakkarai is about 1-2 km away from the river and located on a hillock. The ASI maintained park mentions that there was a great flood once that would have washed away all the logs of trees on the hillock which have been preserved as fossils since then.</p><br>
<p>(2) A visit to the Gangai Varaha Nadeeswarar Koil at ThiruKaanchi also gave us a similar history (Varalaru) from the priests of the temple. That the village was once severely flooded and the temple was destroyed. The main deities were however saved and the temple rebuilt at the present location.</p><br>
<h2>Temples</h2><br>
<p>Ancient temples are located on the banks of Sankaraparani. Out of 22 Paadal Petra Sthalam in Nadu Naadu, four temples are located on the banks of Sankaraparani. Among the temples Gangai Varaga Natheeswarar Temple located at Thirukanchi in Puducherry named after this river &#39;Varaga Nathi&#39;. The name suggests that this river &#39;Sankaraparani&#39; has the same power as of &#39;Gangai Nathi&#39; (The River Ganges) as per Hindu Mythology. Every year in the Tamil month of &#39;Maasi&#39; (Feb-March) during the &#39;Magam&#39; Nachathiram day this temple festival is celebrated. &#39;Maasi Magam&#39; - ten days festival is celebrated including car festival on the ninth day.</p><br>
<h3>Villupuram district</h3><br>
<p>Temples in Villupuram district include:</p><br>
<p>* Ranganathar Koil, Singavaram</p><br>
<p>* Ramanatheeswarar Koil, Esalam</p><br>
<p>* Azhagiyanathar Koil, Thiruvaamaathur (Paadal Petra Sthalam)</p><br>
<p>* Panankatteesar Koil, Puravar Panankattur (Paadal Petra Sthalam)</p><br>
<p>* Chandarasekarar Temple, Thiruvakarai (Paadal Petra Sthalam)</p><br>
<h3>Puducherry</h3><br>
<p>Temples in Puducherry district include:</p><br>
<p>* Mahedevar Koil, Madagadipet</p><br>
<p>* Perumal Koil, Thirubhuvanai</p><br>
<p>* Vadugurnathar Koil, Thiruvandarkoil (Vadukkur)(Paadal Petra Sthalam)</p><br>
<p>* Thirukameswarar Koil, Villianur</p><br>
<p>* Kasi Vishwanathar Koil, Thirukanchi</p><br>
<p>* Gangai Varaha Natheeswarar Koil, Thirukanchi</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>* Vidur Reservoir</p><br>
<p>* Ossudu Lake Boat House, Poraiyur Agaram</p><br>
<p>* Chunnambar Boat House, Ariyankuppam</p><br>
<p>Resorts include Le Pondy, Kailash Beach Resort, and The Windflower Resort and Spa</p><br>
<p> Kamandala  is a river flowing in the Tiruvannamalai district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.</p><br>
<p>Padavedu is centrally located among Vellore, Thiruvannamalai and Arani in the Vellore – Polur (Thiruvannamalai) route. While going from Vellore, there is a junction called Santhavasal at 32 km from Vellore town and from this junction you have to turn right (towards west) and travel further for about 6 km to reach Padavedu.</p><br>
<p>Padavedu is the avatara sthalam of Parasuramar, one of the Dhasavadharams of Mahavishnu</p><br>
<p>There are more than 10 ancient temples of 12th century.</p><br>
<p>Sri Renugambal Temple is one of the important Sakthi Sthalams.</p><br>
<p>Ramar is seen in a meditative posture with ‘Chin mudhra’ in Sri Yoga Ramachandra moorthy temple.</p><br>
<p>Sri Varadharaja Perumal temple and Sri Ammayappar temple were once buried under the sand and have been excavated and renovated.</p><br>
<p>In Subramanya Swamy temple, Lord Subramania is seen standing on his peacock. Legend has it that Lord Subramania was conferred the title “Deva Senapathi” only on this hill top at the behest of Goddess Renugambal.</p><br>
<p>Sri Lakshmi Narsimhar temple is having Goddess Laskhmi seated on the right lap of Lord Narasimhar (usually She will be on the left lap).</p><br>
<p>Sri Kailasa Vinayagar temple where the Vinayagar is about 5.5 feet high.</p><br>
<p>Sri Kailasanadhar Temple is where Lord Shiva is seen with Uma devi in human form but unfortunately in a vandalized condition.</p><br>
<p>Sri Venugopla Swamy Temple that is on a hill near a forest with a few hanging bridges.</p><br>
<p>Vel Temple is where ‘Vel’ consecrated by Siddhar Bhogar is present.</p><br>
<p>Sri Veera Anjaneyar temple is where there is a beautiful 8 feet tall Anjaneyar.</p><br>
<p>The Northport Bridge spans the Columbia River near Northport, Washington, close to the border with Canada. The steel cantilever through-truss bridge replaced an 1897 timber bridge, and was opened in 1951. It carries Washington State Route 25. It is one of a series of similar bridges built at about the same time, including the Grand Coulee Bridge and the Kettle Falls Bridges.</p><br>
<p>The Northport Bridge&#39;s total length is 1,542 ft. The main span consists of a central span of 224 ft between 140 ft cantilever spans, for a total span of 504 ft. The steel anchor spans are 168 ft long, with additional concrete approach spans. The bridge opened to traffic on June 13, 1951, at a cost of $1,751,587.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was designed by George Stevens of the Washington State Highways, and the main span was built by the Midland Structural Steel Company. Work began in August 1946. Floods in 1948 undermined the south main pier of the steel structure, causing the design to be changed from a section of earth fill to five additional T-beam concrete approach spans. Underwater blasting was required to remove the south pier for the altered work, resulting in a 673 ft series of concrete approach spans on the south.</p><br>
<p>The Northport Bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1995.</p><br>
<p>LaBarge Rock in Chouteau County, Montana  is a dramatic landform in the shape of a large rock column or pillar, rising 150 feet from waters&#39; edge of the Missouri River. Besides having a striking appearance, LaBarge Rock is located in a picturesque riverside setting which has attracted artists and photographers over two centuries. Access is difficult; the pillar is located at Missouri River BLM mile-mark 56 in the White Cliffs section of the remote Missouri Breaks area of Montana. The pillar is composed of massive dark alkilik igneous rock, in striking contrast to the long white sandstone cliffs that form its backdrop. Because of the isolation of the Missouri Breaks area LaBarge Rock and the White Cliffs appear today much as they did when seen by Lewis and Clark in 1804 on the outward leg of their journey of exploration.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>LaBarge Rock was named for Captain Joseph LaBarge(1815–1899) who was a famous pioneering steamboat captain on the Missouri. He plied the upper Missouri river in Montana during the boom years of upper Missouri river travel. From 1859 to 1890 steamboat transportation between lower river ports in Missouri up to the head of navigation at Fort Benton, Montana Territory, was the common mode by which passengers and freight got to and from the mining camps and ranches of central and western Montana. Occasionally the land form is called La Barge Rock, an alternative spelling of Captain LaBarge&#39;s name.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The pillar is fine grained alkalik igneous rocks, formed of dark minerals. Historically, the pillar was formed as an "intrusion" during the Paleogene to late Cretaceous geologic period (about 66 million years ago). At that time, the source rock material was heated to a fluid state deep in the earth and then it was injected by force upward into overlaying sedimentary "country rock" of white sandstone and shale.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the intrusion both the hot molten rock and the recipient sedimentary rock were buried deep below the surface of the earth. As the molten liquid igneous rock (often referred to as "magma") was forced upward and outward into the sedimentary rock, it displaced and cracked the surrounding rock structures. After intrusion the molten liquid rock cooled and hardened. Where the molten rock liquid filled in horizontally between rock layers, it formed sills; when it filled in vertical cracks it formed dikes; where the intrusion formed a blunt bullet shaped plug this was called a stock.</p><br>
<p>The material forming LaBarge Rock was injected in the form of a stock. Over geologic time crustal movement brought these injected igneous rocks to the surface of the earth. The darker, denser igneous material of the injected rock is more resistant to erosion and weathering than the surrounding softer white sandstone and shale, so the harder igneous rock weathered out into distinctive land forms. The LaBarge Rock stock weathered out into the pillar shaped land form seen today.</p><br>
<p>In this area of the Missouri Breaks, along the Missouri River there were other intrusive emplacements which have weathered out from the surrounding white sandstone/shale formations, forming promontory features of dikes and sills, and stock. Along the river these features include LaBarge Rock, as well as Dark Butte, Citadel Rock, Grand Natural Wall, Pilot Rock and Steamboat Rock. The background of white sandstone/shale cliffs run along this stretch of the Missouri River for miles. North of the river, some of the natural features formed from intrusive rock are Eagle Buttes, Birdtail Butte and Chimney Rock.</p><br>
<h2>Height</h2><br>
<p>The top of the pillar is at an elevation of 2647 feet. The top of the rock is at a height of 150 feet above the level of the river.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In their outward bound leg of the voyage of exploration, Lewis and Clark camped opposite LaBarge Rock on May 31, 1805, at the mouth of Eagle Creek This area, across the river from LaBarge Rock, is now a campground for boaters floating the Missouri, and is referred to as Eagle Creek campground or sometimes as LaBarge campground.</p><br>
<h2>Missouri River White Cliffs</h2><br>
<h2>Art</h2><br>
<p>Karl Bodmer (1809–1893) was a Swiss painter who accompanied German explorer Prince Maximilian from 1832 through 1834 on his Missouri River expedition in the then remote regions of the American west. He recorded images of Indian tribes and noteworthy sites. In August 1833 he made pencil drawings and water colors of LaBarge Rock which later became incorporated into Tableau 41 and Tableau 34. Tableau 41 focuses on LaBarge Rock, and is entitled "View of the Stone Walls on the Upper Missouri". Click on the preceding reference to view a photo of this artwork.</p><br>
<p>LaBarge Rock is directly across the river from the mouth of Eagle Creek. Thomas Hart Benton painted Lewis and Clark at Eagle Creek in his unique style in 1967, but the angle of view of this painting is such that it does not depict LaBarge Rock, focusing instead on another view from Eagle Creek of the spectacle of the White Cliffs running along the river. Click on the preceding footnote to see a photo of this Benton painting. LaBarge Rock would be just out of the left edge of the painting.</p><br>
<p>LaBarge Rock is not easily accessible, as it exists along the Missouri River in the remote area of Montana known as the Missouri Breaks. Nevertheless, its appearance is so dramatic that it is often photographed by the people who float the river. An internet Google search of images for "LaBarge Rock" will reward the searcher with a variety of photographic views of the land form.</p><br>
<h2>Commentary</h2><br>
<p>Clay S. Jenkinson an American humanities Rhodes scholar, Danforth Scholar, and author had this impression on visiting LaBarge Rock.</p><br>
<p>More succinctly the author of "A Float Down the White Cliffs Section of the Missouri River, July, 2002" described the LaBarge Rock area:</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site of LaBarge Rock is not easy to visit. It is in the White Cliffs section of the Missouri River. Back from each side of the river are sharply eroded badlands, part of the Missouri Breaks, that are so rough that roads through the breaks down to the river (and thus to specific sites along the river) are primitive and thinly distributed across a large area. However, opposite the site of LaBarge Rock, there is a campground that exists for boaters floating the river (referred to as Eagle Creek Campground or sometimes LaBarge Campground) that can be reached from the north and east bank by primitive dirt road, but this road crosses private land and access over that private land may be restricted. The most common way to visit the White Cliffs area, including LaBarge Rock is to float this section of the Missouri River. The White Cliffs section of the river may be boated in one long day trip, from Coal Banks Landing (BLM mile-mark 41) to Judith Landing (BLM mile-mark 88) if a motorized boat is utilized, or during a more relaxed float-and-paddle river expedition lasting several days. This float trip has become increasingly popular in recent years.</p><br>
<p>LaBarge Rock may be climbed even by those who do not have technical rock climbing skills by taking gullies at the river&#39;s edge that lead up and around the side of the pillar to side away from the river, at which place there is reportedly enough erosion of the pillar that the top may be gained with some acceptable difficulty in climbing. This route is described in a book, "A River Calling", by Glenn Frontin.</p><br>
<p>Toddsbury is a historic home located on the banks of the North River in Gloucester County, Virginia. The house was built around 1669 by Thomas Todd and inhabited by his descendants until 1880. The house continues to be a private residence.</p><br>
<p>A story and a half building of brick laid in Flemish bond. A L shaped house with a center stair hall, and two flanking rooms in the long arm and a subsidiary stair hall and another room in the wing. Toddsbury is a 17th-century house with 18th-century additions. The land was patented by Thomas Todd in 1657 but later went to the Tabb family. About 1870 it was purchased by the parents of William Mott, who died about 1939, and has been since then the Mott family house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Mississippi County Courthouse is a courthouse at Poplar Street and Hale Avenue in Osceola, Arkansas, United States, one of two county seats of Mississippi County, built in 1912. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The courthouse was built in the Classic Revival style by John Gainsford and anchors the Osceola town square.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The entire first floor of the courthouse is windowless because it originally housed the county jail. Large outdoor stairs ascend to a second story entrance. Baked stone tiles make up the floors, with various colors being used throughout the building. The exterior of the courthouse consists of long, slender bricks. A copper dome is encircled by several terra cotta decorations.</p><br>
<p>Allan Island is a 292 acre private island southwest of Anacortes, Washington and is part of the San Juan Island Chain. It was named during the 1841 Wilkes expedition in honor of Lt. William Henry Allen, who was killed while commanding the during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>Microsoft billionaire Paul Allen purchased the island in 1992. Allen originally intended to build a vacation home on Allan Island, until he bought a separate property in the San Juans in 1996 that he preferred instead. An attempt to sell Allan Island in 2005 for $25 million failed to attract buyers. Allen again tried to sell the island in 2011 for $13.5 million. He finally sold it in December 2013 for $8 million.</p><br>
<p>Allan Island has remained largely undeveloped. It has a grass airstrip and a caretakers quarters.</p><br>
<p>Ashton Hall is a largely rebuilt 14th-century mansion in the civil parish of Thurnham, Lancashire, England. It is 3 mi south of the city of Lancaster and is on the east bank of the River Lune. is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is now owned by Lancaster Golf Club.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 13th century, the lordship of the Manor was held by the De Coucy family and from them passed to John de Coupland. The original hall dates from the late 14th century. It was probably completed in 1381, built by Edmund Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>It then passed by marriage to the Butlers of Radcliffe and from them to the Gerards of Bromley. In 1698 the estate was acquired by James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, on his second marriage to the Gerard heiress Elizabeth Gerard. He fought a famous duel in 1712 with Lord Mohun over the right of ownership of Gawthorpe Hall and was fatally stabbed by General Macartney, Mohun&#39;s second. His widow lived for another 32 years, spending most of her time at the Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1853, the hall was sold by the Dukes of Hamilton to Le Gendre Nicholas Starkie of the wealthy Starkie family of Huntroyde Hall and in 1856 was largely rebuilt to a design by William Le Gendre Starkie. The only part of the 14th century structure that still remains is the tower that now forms the southern wing of the hall.</p><br>
<p>After Le Gendre Starkie&#39;s death Ashton passed to his younger son, John Piers Chamberlain Starkie who passed it in turn to his eldest son Edward Arthur Le Gendre Starkie. He sold it in 1884 to James Williamson, the linoleum manufacturer, who owned the hall until his death in 1930, but lived elsewhere. Williamson was High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1885 and on his elevation to the peerage took his title Baron Ashton of Ashton. After his death in 1931 the major portion of the estate was purchased by William Pye and his sons.</p><br>
<p>The land around Ashton Hall has been turned into a golf course, and the hall is now owned by Lancaster Golf Club.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Ashton Hall is constructed of red and grey sandstone, with roofs of slate. Its plan is unusual, with towers set diagonally. The 19th-century building was built in the Gothic style of grey sandstone. The rectangular 14th-century tower is of red sandstone; it has angle-towers and a crenellated parapet.</p><br>
<p>The grounds of the hall have a number of other buildings. There is a sandstone ashlar gatehouse which dates from around 1600. It was extended in the 19th century. The gatehouse has a segmented arch with Doric columns. An ice house of sandstone rubble and brick stands to the north-west of the hall. This probably dates from the 19th century. There is a building to the west of the hall that was formerly a stable block and has been converted into a house. Dating from the 17th century, it is a two-storey building of sandstone rubble.</p><br>
<p>On 1 August 1952, Ashton Hall was designated a Grade I listed building. The Grade I designation—the highest of the three grades—is for buildings "of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important". The gatehouse and the former stable block have received separate Grade II* designations. The ice house, an arched conduit mouth, a mounting block and the courtyard walls are listed at Grade II.</p><br>
<p>Saltford Brass Mill is a brass mill on the River Avon at Saltford, Somerset, England. It dates from the 1720s is listed as Grade II* and is also a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<p>There was a watermill on the site at the time of the Domesday Book and it is the last surviving of over 30 mills which were once on this stretch of the Avon.</p><br>
<p>Local brass making was initiated in Bristol around 1700 by the family of Abraham Darby who later moved upstream because of the better water supply at Saltford and Keynsham. The brass was made from Cornish ores refined at Crew&#39;s Hole and then transported via the river. These were mixed with calamine from the Mendip Hills to make calamine brass. This changed as processes improved and local copper smelting was replaced by supplies from Swansea. By the 1850s zinc metal was used instead of calamine, using a process introduced by William Champion, who lived nearby.</p><br>
<p>The site includes a battery mill which was used for hollowing out brass sheet to make pans, bowls and vats, some of which are on display. There is also a complete annealing furnace, one of four originally installed, which were used to heat the brass to reduce the likelihood of it cracking while it was being worked. The furnace is claimed to be one of the best remaining examples of this technology. There are also the remains of the water wheels initially used to power the machinery, one of which is still in working order. The battery mills were supplemented by rolling mills between 1760 and 1830, as this produced more even sheets of metal than the original battery techniques. However battery ware was still produced at the site until 1908, the last mill in Britain to do so.</p><br>
<p>The mill ceased production in 1924. In 1995 it was restored and is now supported by a group of volunteers in conjunction with English Heritage and the owners Bath and North East Somerset Council.</p><br>
<p>The former Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist, now known as the Hebrew Tabernacle of Washington Heights, is an historic domed Art Deco style building located at 551 Ft. Washington Avenue, corner of 185th Street, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by architects Cherry and Matz of Manhattan, it was built during the years 1929 to 1932 by Fourth Church founded in 1896 as West Side Church of Christ, Scientist, to replace its Solon Spencer Beman designed Neoclassical building at 178th Street and Fort Washington Avenue which it had sold to provide land for the George Washington Bridge. In 1973, due to the dwindling size of its congregation and increasing costs, the church sold the building to the Hebrew Tabernacle Congregation founded in 1905 in Harlem which had outgrown its 1920s building on West 161st Street between Broadway and Fort Washington Avenue. Fourth Church is no longer in existence. On August 31, 2011, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Lone is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows into the Hürbe river, a tributary of the Brenz, which in turn discharges into the Danube.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Lone rises from a Karst spring with a large discharge near Urpsring, in the municipality of Lonsee, Baden-Württemberg. It flows southeast and then turns northeast. After around 37 km it flows into the Hürbe, which in turn is a tributary of the Brenz.</p><br>
<p>The valley of the Lone is fairly shallow, with rises of only around 50 m on both sides. The valley&#39;s width is up to 200 m. The flat valley floor is covered by meadows and fields, the slopes of reef limestone are mostly wooded. The karst on the slopes contains various caves and protuberances which were repeatedly visited by prehistoric hunter/gatherer groups as long ago as the Paleolithic and post-Ice Age Mesolithic.</p><br>
<p>Among these are the Bocksteinhöhle, Hohlenstein-Stadel and Vogelherd Cave, locations of important pre-historic findings.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Pulaski Tunnel and Placer Creek Escape Route  are two adjacent sites used by United States Forest Service firefighter Edward Pulaski in the Great Fire of 1910 to save the lives of himself and most of his crew. The sites are located south of Wallace, Idaho in the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. Pulaski&#39;s tunnel and escape route are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Fire of 1910</h2><br>
<p>The summer of 1910 was hot and dry, with an extremely high fire danger throughout the western United States. By August, there were approximately 1,400 wildfires burning out of control in northern Idaho, northeastern Washington, and northwestern Montana. On 20 August, some of these wildfires blew-up into huge firestorms, threatening a number of rural communities and trapping firefighting crews. One of those crews was led by Ed Pulaski.</p><br>
<p>Pulaski and his crew were fighting the fire in an area around the west fork of Placer Creek, approximately 10 mi southwest of Wallace. When the fire became too dangerous, Pulaski ordered his forty-five men to evacuate toward Wallace. As they retreated, a second fire blocked their way, leaving them surrounded by fire. Pulaski knew the area so he was able to lead his men through the burning forest to an abandoned mine. The crew (along with two horses) entered the mine opening near the bank of Placer Creek just as the fire engulfed the area.</p><br>
<p>The mine was actually a short prospecting tunnel that had been abandoned because no ore was found there. The mine opening was 6 ft high and 5 ft wide. At the entrance, there were cedar floor planks and squeeze caps logs in place to prevent spalling. The total length of the mine was only 250 ft; however, that was enough to shelter Pulaski and his crew.</p><br>
<p>As the fire raged outside the mine, the heat caused the cold air in the tunnel to rush out, replacing it with hot air and smoke. Pulaski ordered the men to lie down on the floor of the mine where there was still some breathable air. As the fire closed in around the tunnel entrance, timber beams at the mouth of the tunnel began to burn. Pulaski carried water in his hat from pools on the mine floor to the entrance, trying to douse the flames. In the process, he was badly burned. Eventually, Pulaski fell unconscious, as did all his men.</p><br>
<p>The next morning, Pulaski counted 39 living men. One of his crew had been killed by a falling snag on the way to the mine; five others had died from smoke inhalation during the night (the two horses also died). After the fire in the surrounding forest died down, Pulaski and his crew followed Placer Creek to safety in Wallace.</p><br>
<p>In just two days, the Great Fire of 1910 consumed 3,000,000 acre of forest. The six men lost in or near Pulaski’s tunnel were among 78 firefighters killed by the fire. There were also seven civilians who died in the fire; bringing the total loss of life to 85 people.</p><br>
<p>Because of its association with Ed Pulaski and the Great Fire of 1910 fire, the Pulaski Tunnel and fire escape route were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The tunnel also provides valuable information on historic mining methods in the Idaho panhandle.</p><br>
<h2>Site restoration</h2><br>
<p>For many years, the only visible sign of Pulaski’s escape route and refuge tunnel were two historical markers along a forest road south of Wallace. In 2002, a citizens group was organized to restore Pulaski’s tunnel and improve the trail to the site. The effort was known as the Pulaski Project. The Forest Service joined the effort and began to develop the trail in 2005. Since then, the full length of the trail has been cleared and graded. In addition, five trail bridges have been installed along with a dozen interpretive signs that provide information about Pulaski, the 1910 fire, and various features found along the trail. At the trailhead, a parking area and restroom have been built.</p><br>
<p>Today, the trail is open to foot traffic only. From the trailhead, the hike to the tunnel is approximately 2 mi, a 4 mi round trip hike. The elevation gain between the trailhead and the tunnel is 800 ft, making the hike moderately challenging. The trailhead is located just off Forest Road 456, approximately 1 mi south of Wallace, Idaho.</p><br>
<p>Strudelbach is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The estuary of the river is in the grounds of Weissach in Böblingen and flows in a narrow, northeasterly direction. It can reach a depth of 100m into the landscape Strudelbachtal. Between Weissach and Eberdingen, it crosses the border to the district of Ludwigsburg. After 15 km, it flows into Enzweihingen in the River Enz. In its course, it passes through the villages of Strudelbachhalle, Weissach, Eberdingen, Riet and Enzweihingen. It forms a natural border between Strohgäu and Heckengäu.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The documented history of Strudelback extends into the 4th Millennium BC and before. It was used as a transport stream and the water was used in mills and as an energy source. At least 10 mills have existed on the river, and at least two companies have continued to use its hydropower.</p><br>
<p>The drainage basin is 55 square miles and in local situations it is relatively narrow and few serious flooding events are known, similar to other rivers in the area. The last flood of the river was on 6 July 2006, measured in Enzweihingen an outflow of 13 m / s (normal level is about 2 m / s), there was little damage to the local villages. The largest flood in the Strudelbach was in February 1940, when intense heat made snow melt rapidly. However, only the creek to the right of the river had any serious damage.</p><br>
<h2>Agriculture</h2><br>
<p>The river flows through an agriculturally and industrially used valley. The side slopes of the river are steep, especially at the junctions of small valleys, which have been used for a long time for wine cultivation. Today, wine is cultivated mainly as a hobby, but some former vineyards are used for recreation. However, many vineyards are now completely overgrown and provide a valuable habitat for plants and animals.</p><br>
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<p>The Wild Gutach (Wilde Gutach) is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Sights and structures</h2><br>
<p>Hexenlochmühle with two overshot water wheels in a ravine-like witch&#39;s hole (Hexenloch)</p><br>
<p>Balzer Herrgott, a stone statue of Christ which has almost grown into a tree</p><br>
<p>Teichschlucht ravine below Gütenbach</p><br>
<p>Hirschbach Falls and Zweribach Waterfalls in the rugged Zweribach Cirque (Bannwald and nature reserve)</p><br>
<p>Plattensee Reservoir in the high valley of the Platte of the Zweribach</p><br>
<p>Zweribachwerk, power station above Simonswald</p><br>
<p>Brend summit</p><br>
<p>Kandel summit</p><br>
<p>Schultiskopf and Spitzer Stein (rocky arêtes)</p><br>
<p>Kostgfällschlucht with waterfalls and the Gfällfelsen rock formation (climbing area, nature reserve)</p><br>
<p>Chapel on the Hörnleberg</p><br>
<p>The Yangshan Quarry is an ancient stone quarry near Nanjing, China. Used during many centuries as a source of stone for buildings and monuments of Nanjing, it is preserved as a historic site. The quarry is famous for the gigantic unfinished stele that was abandoned there during the reign of the Yongle Emperor in the early 15th century. In scope and ambition, the stele project is compared to other public works projects of Yongle era, which included the launching of the Treasure Fleet for the Zheng He expeditions and the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Yangshan Quarry is situated on the Yangshan Mountain (elevation 140 m),</p><br>
<p>also known as Yanmen Shan (雁门山),</p><br>
<p>northwest of Tangshan Town (汤山镇).</p><br>
<p>The Yangshan is the main peak of the Kongshan Mountain Range (孔山山脉). The site is located 15–20 km to the east from the eastern part of Nanjing City Wall and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Administratively, the area is in the Jiangning District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Yangshan Quarry has been worked from the time of the Six Dynasties, the local limestone being used for construction of buildings, walls, and statues in and around Nanjing.</p><br>
<p>After Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor) founded the Ming dynasty in 1368, the city of Nanjing became the capital city of his empire. The Yangshan quarry became the main source of stone for the major construction projects that changed the face of Nanjing.</p><br>
<p>In 1405, Hongwu&#39;s son, the Yongle Emperor, ordered the cutting of a giant stele in this quarry, for use in the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum of his deceased father. In accordance with the usual design of a Chinese memorial stele, three separate pieces were being cut: the rectangular stele base (pedestal), the stele body, and the stele head (crown, to be decorated with a dragon design). After most of the stone-cutting work had been done, the architects realized that moving stones that big from Yangshan to Ming Xiaoling, let alone installing them there in a proper way, would not be physically possible. As a result, the project was abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The three unfinished stele components remain in Yangshan Quarry to this day, only partially separated from the living rock of the mountain. The present dimensions and the usual weight estimates of the steles are as follows:</p><br>
<p>The Stele Base (32&deg;04&prime;03&Prime;N latitude, 119&deg;00&prime;00&Prime;E longitude), 30.35 m long, 13 m thick, 16 m tall,</p><br>
<p>The Stele Body (32&deg;04&prime;07&Prime;N latitude, 119&deg;00&prime;02&Prime;E longitude), 49.4 m long (this would be the height, if the stele were to be properly installed), 10.7 m wide, 4.4 m thick, 8,799 tons.</p><br>
<p>The Stele Head (32&deg;04&prime;06&Prime;N latitude, 119&deg;00&prime;02&Prime;E longitude), 10.7 m tall, 20.3 m wide, 8.4 m thick, 6,118 tons.</p><br>
<p>According to experts, if the stele had been finished and put together, by installing the stele body vertically on the base, and topping with the stele head, then it would have stood 73 meters tall.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>According to a legend, workers who failed to produce the daily quota of crushed rock of at least 33 sheng would be executed on the spot. In memory of the workers who died on the construction site—including those who died from overwork and disease—a nearby village became known as Fentou (坟头), or "Grave Mound". Ann Paludan translates the place name as "Death&#39;s Head Valley".</p><br>
<p>In the centuries since the giant stele project was abandoned, a number of Ming, Qing, and modern authors visited the site and left accounts of it. The poet Yuan Mei (1716 – 1797) expressed his feelings in "The Song of Hongwu&#39;s Great Stone Tablet" (洪武大石碑歌), which concludes with "one hundred thousand camels could not move it!" ("十万骆驼拉不起"). The poem is published in his collection Xiao Cangshan Fang Wenji (小仓山房文集).</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>In 1956, the Yangshan Quarry was entered on the Jiangsu provincial register of protected cultural monuments. It is maintained as a tourist site, although, according to journalists who visited it at the turn of the 21st century, the site was little known even in Nanjing itself, and had few visitors.</p><br>
<p>A small theme park called the Ming Culture Village (明文化村, Míng Wénhuà Cūn) was constructed at the entrance to the site; as of 2011, it has a stage, children&#39;s rides, and various history-themed amusements. A single admission ticket allows one to visit the "village" and then to walk some 300–400 m to the quarry proper on one of several forest trails. The site is open year-round, but still is mostly deserted in winter.</p><br>
<p>Transportation from Nanjing to the Yangshan Quarry (either directly to the Ming Culture Village&#39;s entrance plaza, or to the "Yangshan Quarry" stop on the Jiangsu Provincial Highway 122 (S122)) is provided by several bus routes, including the Nanjing-Tangshan Line (南汤线, Nán-Tāng Xiàn) from the Nanjing Railway Station.</p><br>
<p>Buxach is a river of Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<p>The Buxbach is a right tributary of the Iller and about 15.6 km long. Its source is southeast of the municipality of Kronburg, near the Heißenschwende. The Buxach is straightened only few places in Hart and Buxach (two districts of Memmingen), most of its course it flows freely. The river banks are surrounded by forests and villages as well as meadows. The Buxach feeds the, a reservoir north of Buxheim. The water of the Buxheimer Weiher does not flow back into the Buxach, but into the Reutenbach. The Buxach itself flows west from Buxheim on the Illerstadion into the Iller.</p><br>
<p>In former times, the Buxach also feed the Memminger municipal pond southward of Hart. The pond was drained around 1900, today still the name of the street "Am Stadtweiher" ("at the municipal pond") is a reminder. Especially in Hart and Buxach, the river was used for the industry. In Hart, there was a copper hammer operated by the Buxach, and several mills and copper hammers existed in Buxach. At the east of Kronburg, an oil mill was operated.</p><br>
<p>At Buxheim, west of the pond Buxheimer Weiher, the river Reutenbach diverges from the Buxach. Only very little water flows through that direct connection; the Reutenbach is mostly fed by the outflow of the Buxheimer Weiher, which is 200 meters away. The Reutenbach flows northwards through Buxheim and feeds a fish pond near Egelsee (district of Memmingen), then also flows into the river Iller. The mouth of the Reutenbach in the Iller is about 2.3 km north from the mouth of the Buxach.</p><br>
<p>Snake Mountain is a mountain located along the border between North Carolina and Tennessee, east of the community of Zionville, in the southeastern United States. It is part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and includes parts of Watauga County, North Carolina, and Johnson County, Tennessee. It has two peaks, the highest of which reaches an elevation of 5,564 ft. The lower peak, at 5,518 ft, is Johnson County&#39;s high point.</p><br>
<p>The mountain generates several feeder streams to the North Fork New River (via Maine Branch), South Fork New River (via Meat Camp Creek) and Watauga River (via Cove Creek). Several ridges form from Snake Mountain, with the main being Snake Mountain Ridge, which marks the border between North Carolina and Tennessee; also there is Sugartree Ridge and Hessian Ridge, which are smaller outcrops from Snake Mountain, to its west. Several gaps also surround the mountain: Elk Horn Gap, Pottertown Gap, Rich Mountain Gap and State Line Gap.</p><br>
<p>Historically, both the Old Buffalo Trail and Daniel Boone Trail converge at the foot of the mountain, at Zionville.</p><br>
<p>Kolesovskaya Otmel is an island in the East Siberian Sea. It is located close to the coast in the Kolyma Bay , south of the Konechnaya Channel and 13 km east of the mouths of the Indigirka River. 6.3 km in length and 1.4 km across. In satellite pictures it appears as two separate islands, a large one at the northern end and a small one at the southern tip. Probably most of the island&#39;s surface is a large sandbank that changes shape seasonally.</p><br>
<p>The Kolyma Bay where the Kolesovskaya Otmel lie is a desolate place in the long winters, when it remains frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year. It becomes free of ice only in early June and the thaw lasts typically until October. The area surrounding the Kolesovskaya Otmel comes to life during the summer when there is commercial fishing in the surrounding waters.</p><br>
<p>Administratively the Kolesovskaya Otmel belongs to the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>This island is named after Kolesovo , the nearest village.</p><br>
<p>Howard Knob  is a mountain in the North Carolina High Country, located in the town of Boone. According to the US Geological Survey, the mountains proper name is Howard Knob, but it is known to locals and tourists as Howard&#39;s Knob. Howard Knob and the surrounding area are part of the Appalachian Mountain Range. The mountain has an elevation of 4,396 ft above sea level, and rises nearly 1,000 ft above the town of Boone and the campus of Appalachian State University.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Howard Knob was named after Benjamin Howard, a British loyalist, contemporary of Daniel Boone, and early settler of the area. According to local legend, Howard hid from Whigs on the knoll which was to be named after him.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the Federal Energy Research and Development Administration and the Department of Energy announced that Howard Knob had been selected as the site for an experimental wind turbine, which was later built by General Electric in October 1978. The project was part of a surge in renewable energy research which began under then-President Jimmy Carter. The turbine, formally known as MOD-1, was managed by NASA and operated by Blue Ridge Electric Membership Corporation. It stood 131 ft tall and had two 97 ft long steel blades that rotated counterclockwise at 35 mi/h. It was designed to power 300 to 500 average-sized homes, given wind speeds of 25 mi/h.</p><br>
<p>An unintended consequence of the new technology was a low-frequency "swish-swish" or "wooshing" noise that irritated locals. In March and April 1980, DOE and NASA engineers determined that a two-cycle-per-second sound was generated by wind blowing through the blades. Although the sound was twenty cycles below the range of human hearing, it caused windows and other objects to vibrate audibly. A group of Appalachian State University students calling themselves "Wooshies" mocked the turbine project in a class video and gained the attention of local and regional newspapers. The turbine was also blamed for disrupting television signals. Some questioned whether it was working at all, since the blades did not seem to move very often. The turbine was dismantled in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The abandoned turbine site on Howard Knob was handed over to the county to serve as a park "in perpetuity."</p><br>
<p>Howard Knob has been at times a popular spot for bouldering, rock climbing, and hang gliding. However, those activities were discouraged and ultimately prohibited by town authorities and private property owners.</p><br>
<h2>Land Conservancy</h2><br>
<p>With unparalleled views of downtown Boone and the surrounding mountains, Howard Knob has often been targeted for residential development. In December 2004, owners of a 50 acre tract on Howard Knob allied with the High Country Conservancy and signed a conservation easement protecting 46 acre as a forested natural area with limited provisions for hiking trails and a small shelter. Three of the owners&#39; remaining acres were slated for 1 acre residential plots near existing homes.</p><br>
<p>Blackman-Bosworth Store, also known as Bosworth Store Building, S.N. Bosworths Cheap Cash Store, David Blackmans Store, and Randolph County Museum, is a historic general store located at Beverly, Randolph County, West Virginia, United States. It consists of the original section, built about 1828, with an addition built in 1894. The original section is a two-story brick building on a cut-stone foundation. In addition to being operated as a general store into the 1920s, the building had short-term use as county courthouse, post office and semi-official meeting place. In 1973, the Randolph County Historical Society purchased the property, and it now serves as the Randolph County Museum and as a meeting place.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Middle Mountain Cabins are a set of three historic cabins located in the Monongahela National Forest near Wymer, Randolph County, West Virginia. They were built in 1931, and consist of the Main Cabin and Cabins 1 and 2. The Main Cabin is a one-story, rectangular, stained log building measuring approximately 22 feet by 20 feet. It has a gable roof and full-length porch. Cabins 1 and 2 are mirror-images of each other. They are one-story, frame buildings with gable roofs measuring approximately 25 feet by 14 feet. They were built to provide quarters for fire lookouts and to serve as a base for conducting other Forest Service operations. They have since been converted for recreational use, and are available for rental as a group.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Kukadi River  is a river of Maharashtra, India, a tributary of the Ghod River. Several notable temples lie on its banks including the Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar and Malanga Devi temple. The Yedgaon Dam dams the river, creating an artificial lake. During the months when it is visible, the riverbed is considered to be a wonder of nature, characterized by rock erosion from water movement and gorges that are gouged with large potholes.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Kukadi, originating in the Western Ghats, is an easterly flowing tributary of the Ghod. The source of the river lies in the Western Ghats near Naneghat. The river passes to the north of Junnar and is situated outside Nighoj, near a road to Shirur. The Kukadi&#39;s tributaries include the Dimbhe, Manikdoh, Pimplegaon Joge, Wadaj, and Yedgaon.</p><br>
<h2>Projects</h2><br>
<h3>Kukadi L.B. Canal Project</h3><br>
<p>In 1900, the Kukadi L.B. Canal Project conducted a survey to ascertain whether the Ghod River supply could be combined with the Kukadi to supply the famine area of Sholapur. The low-level rising contour, started from Kem in the previous year, was continued and completed up to the Kukadi River. A canal line was also aligned from that river up to the Ghod River. Three more contours were run for the Nirgudsar Tank on the latter river, and an alternative dam site was examined at Sakora. The surveys, difficult and extensive, indicated that the Ghod water could be made available for the famine districts.</p><br>
<h3>Kukadi Irrigation Project</h3><br>
<p>The Kukadi Irrigation Project is a program underway by the Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation. Approved in 1968, it is almost complete, with the remaining work on some of the distributory systems still in process. It includes five storage dams across the five tributaries; viz. Yedgaon Dam, Manikdoh Dam, Dimbhe Dam, Wadaj Dam and Pimpalgaon Joge Dam.</p><br>
<p>LaDue Reservoir is a reservoir located near Ohio State Route 44 and USA Route 422 in Auburn and Troy Townships in Geauga County, Ohio. Originally called the “Akron City Reservoir”, it was dedicated as the LaDue Reservoir on October 11, 1961, in honor of Wendell R. LaDue. The Geographic Names Information System recognized four variants names, including Akron City Reservoir, Bridge Creek Reservoir, Ladue Reservoir, and Wendell R. Ladue Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is formed by the Bridge Creek Dam across Bridge Creek and the Black Brook Dike across Black Brook, both tributaries of the Cuyahoga River.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was created in an area that was covered with ice during the Wisconsinan glaciation and contains numerous glacial sand and gravel deposits (kames) and glacial ponds (kettles). The lake bottom retains the same irregularities found before it was dammed.</p><br>
<h2>Purpose</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir and surrounding land is owned by the City of Akron, Ohio and is operated by Akron&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is one of three reservoirs that make up the City of Akron water supply, including LaDue Reservoir, East Branch Reservoir in Claridon Township, Geauga County, Ohio, and Lake Rockwell in Franklin Township, Portage County, Ohio. The main purposes of these reservoirs are to provide flood control to downstream areas, replenish the river’s flow during dry periods, and maintain an ample supply of available drinking water for Akron.</p><br>
<p>Because Lake Rockwell is the main drinking water supply for the City of Akron, it is highly protected with no trespassing, fishing, or recreation permitted.</p><br>
<h2>Dams</h2><br>
<h3>Bridge Creek Dam</h3><br>
<p>The Bridge Creek Dam ,</p><br>
<h3>Black Brook Dike and dam</h3><br>
<p>The Black Brook Dike is 100 ft wide and nearly 1.0 mi long. It is located at the southern tip of the reservoir near the intersection of Bartholomew Road and Ohio State Route 44.</p><br>
<p>The Black Brook Dam is a rolled earth fill with impervious core, maximum height 20 ft, top length 325 ft, top width 30 ft, base width about 100 ft and length 1100 ft. It is located near the intersection of Crackel Road and Ohio State Route 44, about 1,500 ft feet north of the Geauga-Portage County border. It uses a 6 ft concrete drainage ditch to evacuate water. The Black Brook Dike and Dam are restricted zones with “No Trespassing Zone” signs posted on land and marker buoys in the water.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The LaDue Reservoir wildlife area includes 8,791 acres that protects the watershed of the east branch of the Cuyahoga River from the East Branch Reservoir at in East Claridon, Ohio to Ohio State Route 82 in Mantua Township, Portage County, Ohio.</p><br>
<h3>Boating and fishing</h3><br>
<p>ODNR Division of Wildlife maintains a gravel boat ramp with portable toilets near the intersection of. There is also an unimproved boat ramp at the south end of the reservoir where Ohio State Route 44. Boats are limited to electric motors only.</p><br>
<h3>Hunting and trapping</h3><br>
<h3>Environmental conditions</h3><br>
<p>Albert and Liberal Arts Halls are a set of two historic buildings located on the campus of Davis & Elkins College at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. The brick Georgian Revival style buildings were built between 1924 and 1926, and planned as a unit of two distinct and separate buildings connected by a graceful stone arcade. They were designed by noted Charleston architect Walter F. Martens.</p><br>
<p>Originally each building was 3 1/2-stories, with gable roof and dormers, and slightly recessed 2 1/2-story wings. A fire at the Science Hall (now Albert Hall) in 1956, necessitated removal of the gable roof and a flat roof was installed. The buildings serve as educational offices and classrooms. Albert Hall is named for Charles E. Albert, Professor of Physics, who served as president from 1935 to 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Ghod River is located in Pune District, Maharashtra, western India. It is a tributary of the Bhima River. The Ghod originates on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats at 1,090 m above sea level. It flows in an east-southeast direction for approximately 200 km before its confluence with the Bhima. It flows from the northern side of the Sahyadri Hills.</p><br>
<p>The Kukadi River is one of the tributaries of the Ghod. The Ghor River is the tributary of Bhima River. The soil on the upper and lower courses of the river is abundant in paleontological sediments. The river dates back to ancient times, which is proved by the gravel bed. The river Ghod flows in the state of Maharashtra. Inamgaon is one of the largest and most exciting chalcolithic sites in India, which is located on the banks of this river. Inamgaon, a post-Harappan agrarian village located along the Ghod, has been studied for its archaeological finds.</p><br>
<p>The river is dammed by the Ghod Dam.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the River Ghod in Maharashtra goes back to several years before the history and Kukadi River is said to be one of the tributaries of the Ghod River. Further, one can see the river flowing from the northern side of Bhimashankar Hills. Ghod itself is a tributary of River Bhima, with which it merges. The major river used by the nearby inhabitants for irrigation purpose. Also, the river which originates from the Western Ghats at about 1090 meters above the sea level has a dam called Ghod Dam more details of which are:</p><br>
<p>Also, the dam called Chinchani Dam is constructed across the river Ghod which has a capacity of 5.47 TMC. Ghod travels further and confluences with Bhima River and many smaller rivers join it. The main tributaries of the river are: Ghod and Mula and Mutha rivers. Mula rises in Mulshi taluka, and Mutha in Velhe. River Ghod and its tributaries Kukadi and Meena also rise in the Sahyadri Ghats. The places of origins of the tributaries of Bhima fall in a comparatively heavy rainfall region. Length</p><br>
<p>of Bhima up to Ujjani is 275 km. The basin is spread over the three districts of Pune, Solapur and Ahmednagar in Maharashtra; and covers 13 talukas.</p><br>
<p>King Johns Palace is the remains of a former medieval royal residence in Clipstone, north-west Nottinghamshire. The name "King Johns Palace" has been used since the 18th century; prior to that the site was known as the "King&#39;s Houses". It is not known how or when the building became associated with King John as he only spent a total of nine days here.</p><br>
<p>The earliest reference to the King&#39;s Houses dates back to 1164 during the reign of Henry II (1154–1189). The first period of significant building took place between 1176 and 1180, when Henry ordered £500 to be spent, and also created a deer park at Clipstone. Hunting game was the preserve of the aristocracy and deer parks provided a form of recreation, foodstuffs for feasting and an arena for crucial political and economic deals to be made. In 1194 Richard I arranged a meeting with William, King of Scotland at Clipstone, and in 1290, Edward I convened Parliament here.</p><br>
<p>The Kings Houses were once very well-appointed. The ruins that are visible today are the remains of a Romanesque chamber dating from around 1180. The stone chamber was accessed through a large, buttressed central doorway and had a timber upper floor which allowed views over the deer park from ornately carved windows. However, the chamber was only a small part of a large, multiphased complex of buildings which is known to have existed at Clipstone from documents, geophysical survey and archaeological excavation. These included a gatehouse, tower, individual hall and chambers for the King and Queen, several chapels, kitchens, stables for 200 horses, and lodgings for many royal retainers. There was also a Great Pond which provided 100 pike and 1600 roach during Edward IIs visit in December 1315.</p><br>
<p>Clipstone remained an important royal centre until the late fifteenth century when the English monarchy began to focus on other residences. In 1525 it was said of the King&#39;s Houses that "ther is great dekay & ruyne in stone-work tymber lede and plaster". By the mid 18th century the site had been reduced to the ruin that stands today.</p><br>
<p>King John&#39;s Palace was consolidated during 2009 by Paul Mendham Stonemasons during a conservation project funded by English Heritage and Nottinghamshire County Council. The site is the focus of an ongoing archaeological project by Andy Gaunt of Mercian Archaeological Services and the buildings archaeologist James Wright.</p><br>
<h2>The King's Houses</h2><br>
<h3>Establishment of the Palace and Deer Park</h3><br>
<p>The establishment of the Kings Houses was linked to Clipstones location in the heart of the royal forest of Sherwood. In the medieval period a forest was a defined geographic area subject to the forest law brought to England by the Normans. The law protected beasts of the chase, primarily deer, for the king. It also protected the woodland that formed their habitat. Forest law was enforced over the land regardless of who owned it. In the 13th century the forest stretched from the River Trent in the south to the River Meden in the north, and from Wellow in the east to Sutton-in-Ashfield to the west. In the 12th century it may have covered all of Nottinghamshire north and west of the Trent. A reference to the forest in Nottinghamshire made in 1155-56 early in the reign of Henry II (1154–1189) points to there being a forest in the reign of Henry I (1100–1135), however a dispute over the keepership of the forest in the early 13th century suggests a forest in Nottinghamshire dating back to the reign of William I. Sherwood Forest was therefore well established by 1164.</p><br>
<p>Wright is of the opinion that the extant building dates from the period of Henry II given that it bears several Romanesque architectural features which were phased out by the end of the 12th century.</p><br>
<h3>History of the King's Houses and Clipstone Park</h3><br>
<p>Clipstone became a favoured residence of the monarchy for over two hundred years. The historian David Crook listed the following visits: Henry II in 1181 and 1185, Richard I in 1194, John in 1200, 1201, 1205, 1210 and 1215, Henry III in 1244, 1251 and 1255, Edward I in 1279, 1280, 1284, 1290 and 1300, Edward II in 1307, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318 and 1320, Edward III in 1327, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1334, 1335, 1345 and 1363, and Richard II in 1387 and 1393 Such visits could be brief, such as John&#39;s overnight stay on 19 March 1200.</p><br>
<p>The reign of King John saw the endowment of the chapel of St Edwin in 1205.</p><br>
<p>During the reigns of Edward II and Edward III an extension to the park led to petitions lodged by the men of Clipstone, Warsop and Mansfield Woodhouse over their loss of their rights to husbote (timber for building), haybote (timber for hedging), collection of ferns and leaves (for compost and manure) as well as pastureland.</p><br>
<p>There are only three recorded visits to the Kings Houses by Henry III. however J. Wright considers that the presence of Romanesque features associated with the extant structure which have been identified subsequent to Rahtzs fieldwork may push back the dating to Henry II&#39;s construction of 1176-80.</p><br>
<p>In 1282, Edward I ordered the construction of a stable capable of accommodating 200 horses, and John Steane is of the opinion that it was intended to provide for the entire entourage of the Household, or possibly even act as a royal stud.</p><br>
<p>Edward II constructed a peel at the castle, which has been viewed by Crook in the light of the pressures on the need for more agricultural land during the early 14th century coupled with the political background of Edward I&#39;s problems with Scotland and internally with Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster.</p><br>
<p>The early years of Edward IIIs reign saw a number of visits to the palace and the subsequent petitions by the local communities led to the reversal of most of Edward IIs changes to the park. Edward III also maintained the administration of the deer park. In 1340 Robert de Mauley was granted custody of the manor and park. In 1341 the men of Clipstone and Warsop were granted permission to utilise the woodland resources within the park.</p><br>
<p>Colvin describes work in the late 1340s:</p><br>
<p>"Works carried out in 1348-9 included the rebuilding of the knights chamber and the repair of the great hall, the kings kitchen, the queens hall, the kings kitchen, the queens kitchen, the great chamber, Rosamunds Chamber, Robert de Mauleys Chamber, the treasurers chamber, the chamber of Lionel the kings son, the great chapel, the chapel next to the kings chamber, the kings long stable, and the great gateway. The knights chamber was a timber-framed building standing on a groundwall of stone, but the more important buildings were of stone. The roofing material was Mansfield slate. In 1360-3 over £140 were spent on general repairs to the hall, kings chamber, Earl of Marchs chamber, pantry, buttery, gateway and other buildings, including the chapel of St. Edwin at Birkland which was served by the chaplain of Clipstone. Further considerable repairs were carried out between 1367 and 1375 by William Elmeley, who in 1360 had been appointed clerk of the works at the manor of Clipstone and the lodge of Bestwood."</p><br>
<p>The Patent Rolls of this period also help to populate the King&#39;s Houses with recognisable historical characters. Robert de Mauley is almost certainly Robert de Morley, 2nd Baron Rodyn, who fought at the battles of Boroughbridge, Halidon Hill, Sluys (where he was captain of the English flagship) and Crecy. De Morley finished his career as Constable of the Tower of London between 1355-9.</p><br>
<p>A map of Sherwood Forest dating to c.1400 survives in the archive at Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire and shows Clipstone Park as a clearly defined emparked area circled by a pale fence. There are several place names marked relating to the medieval infrastructure such as "ye pele" (Clipston Peel), "Clipston ye dam" (the dam at the head of the Great Pond) and Clipston Parke; and the River Maun is shown flowing through the park.</p><br>
<p>The manor passed to George, Duke of Clarence until his exacution in 1478 when once again Clipstone reverted to the crown.</p><br>
<h3>Decline</h3><br>
<p>The decline of royal interest in the King&#39;s Houses throughout the 15th century fits an overall national pattern. Steane has pointed out that the residences of the monarchy in the later Middle Ages focussed on south-east England. Additionally the numbers of palaces and castles under direct royal control dwindled, and as the size of the Household increased from c.120 in the reign of Henry I to 800 under Henry VI fewer but more grandiose palaces were the preference.</p><br>
<p>A survey of "the dekayes of the manner of Clippeston" dated to 1525 records that:</p><br>
<p>"First the southeast end of the hie Chamber ther is in great dekay & ruyne in stonework tymber lede and plaster & the gavell ende of the same is flede outwarde so that a part of the rove and of flour of the said Chymber is fallen doune. Also ther was sume tyme begone a stone grees & yet is not fynyshed the which hath been the cause of the Ruyne of the said Chambre. Also the Chappell ther is in dekay and hath no cuverying upon it. Also the kechyn ther was new plasterid and the rof therof wantith poyntyng and amedyng of the slate, also on the said kechyn were ij chymnays begon and not fynishyd."</p><br>
<h2>The post-Medieval period</h2><br>
<h3>Sale of the estate</h3><br>
<p>The manor and park of Clipstone finally passed out of royal ownership for the last time in on 11 October 1603 when James I granted it to Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy. This was promptly sold on to Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury the following year.</p><br>
<h3>William Cavendish</h3><br>
<p>William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle purchased the estate in 1630 has identified as the survival of an ornamental landscape from the medieval period.</p><br>
<p>The only other buildings represented on the site are a house to the north-west of the ruin, and a rectangular enclosure to the north which is probably the village pinfold and a property further east along the village street. This latter structure may represent the ruined foundations of the gateway to the palace as it sits in the same location as the modern Brammer Farm House and Maun Cottage both of which contain substantial stone walls over a metre in thickness and of similar make-up to the ruin of King Johns Palace. High status stonework was found in the gardens of these properties in 2007. Prior to 1889 Maun Cottage was the Fox & Hounds public house. The earliest public house in Kings Clipstone was called The Gate and was recorded in the List of Friendly Societies for 1794. James Cutts was the landlord and was still there in 1813. It is suspected that the name change occurred when Lindley took over from Cutts. Cornelius and then his son, James, and finally his daughter in law, Sarah, continued the tenancy until 1889 when the public house closed its doors for the last time</p><br>
<p>Clipstone Park was virtually destroyed during the period of the English Civil War and Protectorate. Cavendish supported the Royalist cause and went into exile as early as 1642, and during his absence the pale fence and trees were used to fuel the Parliamentary war-effort and the deer stocks depleted. On returning from exile in France Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle estimated the losses at £20,000 and described the scene as she witnessed it in 1665:</p><br>
<p>"The fences torn down and used in the production of charcoal whilst the park denuded of its great oaks, leaving the deer and other animals no food or shade, so causing their demise."</p><br>
<h3>Thoroton and the early antiquarians</h3><br>
<p>The antiquarian Robert Thoroton described a similar scene in 1677, coupled with some architectural detail on the King&#39;s Houses:</p><br>
<p>"There is scarcely any ruins left at all of the king&#39;s old house, except a piece of thick Stone Wall, and the Park is also cleared of the Gallant Oaks wherewith it was well furnished before the late Rebellion."</p><br>
<p>Thorotons description backs up in words what Senior hints at in his depiction of the Kings Houses – that there was only a single structure left on the site by the 17th century. Much of the fabric of the palace complex would have been robbed piecemeal for building projects within the village and wider estate such as Clipstone Hall (founded prior to 1609). Clipstone passed into the ownership of William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland in 1734 on his marriage to Lady Margaret Cavendish-Harley.</p><br>
<p>Four late 18th century antiquarian images exist of the extant ruins of the King&#39;s Houses by Francis Grose (1772), Samuel Hieronymus Grimm (1773), Major Hayman Rooke (1790) and John Throsby (1790).</p><br>
<h3>Duke of Portland's flood meadows</h3><br>
<p>William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland instigated an irrigation scheme of flood meadows for 7.5 mi along the course of the River Maun between Carr Bank Wood, Mansfield and the parish boundary between Edwinstowe and Ollerton. The flood meadows were intended to increase the yield of hay to feed flocks of sheep during the winter. The scheme cost almost £40,000 and was notable by the philanthropic nature of the high wages that the Duke offered to pay the construction labourers in a time of high unemployment created by the mechanisation of industry and the recent wars against Napoleon. The flood meadows passed through the heart of Clipstone Park, and the construction of them seems to have taken its toll on the preservation of the Kings Houses. Shortly after the completion of the scheme in 1844, Whites Trade Directory described the ruins:</p><br>
<p>"The only part of the palace now remaining stands in a large field close to the village and seems to have been the hall. The foundations have been formerly extensive, with several large vaults, but in 1816 a great part of these were dug up, to be employed in draining, which the Duke of Portland then commenced upon his estate here; and it appears much spoliation was made on the venerable walls, though it is said his Grace had given strict orders to the contrary."</p><br>
<h2>20th and 21st centuries</h2><br>
<p>The site continued in use as an arable field, with a preserved ruin and was known as Castle Field during the 20th century. It remained in the ownership of the Welbeck Estate until November 1945 when it was purchased by local farmers Fred and Molly Bradley. It has remained in the Bradley family as an arable field (and lately pasture) to the present day.</p><br>
<p>Conservation work took place on the ruin in 1991 and 2009. A section of the structure was in imminent danger of collapse and was therefore underpinned by pre-cast masonry on a concrete lintel in 1991. The archaeological work prior to underpinning was carried out by Trent and Peak Archaeology; and the construction work was completed by Cranes, West Bridgford, Nottingham. Both elements of the project were overseen by Nottinghamshire County Council.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 Paul Mendham Stonemasons were instructed by the architect Peter Rogan to complete a full scale consolidation scheme including pointing, grouting, pinning back, under-building, and soft-capping the ruin. The decisions for the scheme of conservation were based on two condition surveys of the ruin by Wright (2005) and Rogan(2008). The work was paid for and overseen jointly by English Heritage and Nottinghamshire County Council.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological investigation</h2><br>
<p>Broadly there have been three distinct levels of archaeological research into the site. The first of these is evaluation excavations conducted by Philip Rahtz (1956), Trent & Peak Archaeology (1991) and archaeological television programme Time Team (2011). The second of these were geophysical surveys, which took place under Masters (2004) and Gaunt (2010). Masters surveyed limited sections of the site using both magnetometry and resistivity; Gaunt surveyed the entirety of Castlefield using resistivity.</p><br>
<p>In the third level of research the built environment was analysed by Wright in 2004, 2005 and 2007; in the form of a condition survey of the extant ruin and a survey of stonework in a number of properties in the parish. Rogan also produced a second condition survey archive for the ruin in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Philip Rahtz&#39;s 1956 excavation dug over 700 ft of trenches and revealed a large medieval complex, spread over around two acres. Relatively little debris from the occupation of the site, however, was found during the work.</p><br>
<p>The 2004 geophysical survey of the site identified the hidden foundations of walls, "robber trenches" where older walls had been dug up in the past for their valuable stone, and ditches. A possible rectangular enclosure around the lodge was also discovered.</p><br>
<p>Andy Gaunts 2010 resistivity survey widened the area selected by Masters to incorporate the entirety of Castlefield and proved many of Masters findings as well as adding new anomalies to the data-set. Gaunt&#39;s work discovered the following anomalies and is summarised from:</p><br>
<p>Gaunt, A. 2010. The Kings Houses. A geophysical Resistance survey of King Johns Palace, Clipstone, Nottinghamshire. NCA-018. Unpublished archaeological report.</p><br>
<p>1) A large rectangular area and surrounding the monument appears to be a courtyard area, with a number of buildings around the perimeter and a wall or palisade surrounding the possible courtyard.</p><br>
<p>2) A large high resistance linear anomaly is interpreted as probably a ditch filled with rubble or the remains of a wall, and probably represents the edge of the manorial complex this is corroborated by 17th century mapping evidence which shows the Manor Garth (manor enclosure) being separated at this location from the water field to the west.</p><br>
<p>3) A large sub-rectangular area probably representing the rubble spread from a substantial building.</p><br>
<p>4) The location of a road, with drainage ditches either side of a metalled higher resistance surface. One suggestion is that there was a gateway to the site from the road side to the north, which would fit in with this interpretation.</p><br>
<p>5) Potential robbed out wall foundations perhaps providing a defensive element, or to define the edge of the site to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>A full condition survey was undertaken in 2004-5 by Nottinghamshire County Council and again in 2008 by Peter Rogan. The 2004-5 survey recorded the condition of the rubble core walls of what appears to have been at least a two-storey building.</p><br>
<p>Wright also undertook a stone survey in 2007 of a sample of properties within the parish. This is unpublished with the archive held by Nottinghamshire County Council. It revealed the survival of stone fragments of both medieval and post medieval date, with notable high status examples of carved and chamfered material visible in the garden of Maun Cottage in particular and potentially relating to the gateway of the palace complex. Many of the properties have stone foundations, cellars and walls which may be the result of robbing from the palace.</p><br>
<p>In April 2011, Channel 4s Time Team filmed an episode of the long running archaeological television programme at King Johns Palace. A number of evaluation trenches and areas were opened to test anomalies identified by Gaunt in 2010. The excavation was directed by Professor Mick Aston. On site experts included Paul Blinkhorn and David Budge (pottery), Andy Gaunt (landscape archaeology), David Crook (historian), Dr Naomi Sykes (zooarchaeology), Alex Rowson (researcher), James Wright (buildings) and regular members of Time Team. The project design for the programme was written by Jim Mower and James Wright. A report was generated by Wessex Archaeology.</p><br>
<p>Mercian Archaeological Services CIC Volunteers and staff excavated 15 test pits in Kings Clipstone, during February 2013.</p><br>
<p>James Wright undertook a standing building survey of Brammer Farm House and Arundel Cottage during February 2013. The purpose of this survey was to ascertain whether any in situ medieval masonry survived within the two properties. The results suggest that the boundary wall of the King&#39;s Houses survives as a spine wall within both properties up to first floor level. There is also evidence for bonded return walls to both north and south as well as a splayed window. There are five phases of development to the cottages with the earliest post-medieval builds being north of the boundary wall into the village street.</p><br>
<p>Keith & Andrea laver of Sherwood Forest Lodge B&B, Kings Clipstone, discovered a section of high status window tracery in November 2014 in a hedgerow on their land adjacent to King Johns Palace. The section was discovered approximately 100M S.E of King Johns Palace. David Budge of Mercian Archaeological Services CIC states "The architectural fragment recorded on the site of the Kings Houses, King&#39;s Clipstone, Nottinghamshire appears to be a piece of high status window tracery made from Mansfield White stone. The glazing channel is clearly visible as are the soffit cusps of trefoil heads. A central mullion rises between the springers."</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The palace site is a Grade II listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument standing on private land. However, the site is open to visitors subject to advance application to the Bradley family (the landowners) of Waterfield Farm, King&#39;s Clipstone.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 2009, a permanent interpretation panel was unveiled during an open day at the palace. The panel was written and designed by James Wright and features a reconstruction drawing, by local artist Ray Straw, of the palace complex as it may have appeared in the mid-14th century. The panel is fixed to the 1991 pre-cast masonry wall on the north-west elevation of the ruin.</p><br>
<p>There is also an annual open day in July at the site known as the "Picnic at the Palace". Details of this are usually logged with the Council For British Archaeology&#39;s Festival of British Archaeology webpage.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Joseph it is the seat of the Diocese of Kansas City-St. Joseph. It is a contributing property in the Quality Hill neighborhood, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. Benedict Roux arrived in Kansas City in 1833. Two years later he built a church out of logs at Eleventh and Broadway that was named St. John Francis Regis. From 1845 to 1880 the parish was served by the Rev. Bernard Donnelly who was a circuit-riding priest. He had a brick church built in 1857 that was named Immaculate Conception.</p><br>
<p>The Diocese of Kansas City was established by Pope Leo XIII in 1880. Bishop John Joseph Hogan selected Immaculate Conception as the cathedral for the new diocese and laid the cornerstone for the present cathedral in 1882. While the interior of the building was incomplete and temporary windows filled the spaces, the first Mass in the church was celebrated on Trinity Sunday in 1883. The Cathedral was built on the highest ground of the city and at 250 feet (76.2 m) it was the tallest structure in Kansas City at the time. During the early years, the parish sold tickets to allowing residents to climb the steps in the tower to see the view.</p><br>
<p>A carillon of eleven bells was placed in the tower in 1895. The bells are named after the following saints: St. Anna, St. Bernard, St. Catherine, St. Cecilia, St. Edward, St. Elizabeth, St. Helen, St. John, St. Mary and St. Thomas. The largest bell, St. Thomas, is rung more than the others. The stained glass windows, created by local artisans at the Kansas City Stained Glass Works Company, were installed in 1912. The windows depict various Biblical scenes and the life of Christ. From 1903 to 1945 the Cathedral operated St. Christopher&#39;s Inn, on Main Street, a Single Room Occupancy facility for homeless men.</p><br>
<p>Bishop Edwin V. O’Hara led a major renovation of the cathedral’s interior in 1955. On August 29, 1956, Pope Pius XII merged the western part of the Diocese of St. Joseph with the northern part of Diocese of Kansas City to form the Diocese of Kansas City–St. Joseph. The rest of what was the Kansas City Diocese became part of the newly established Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. As a result, the Diocese of Kansas City-St. Joseph has Co-Cathedrals: the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception and the Cathedral of St. Joseph.</p><br>
<p>The copper dome on the cathedral tower started to deteriorate. It was replaced by a new dome, cupola and cross covered in 23-carat gold leaf in an effort led by Bishop John Cody in 1960. A diocesan capital campaign, Gift of Faith, began in 2001 to provide necessary funds for another major renovation and restoration of the cathedral. Bishop Raymond J. Boland dedicated the renewed cathedral on February 23, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Lindston Loch  was a small freshwater loch situated within a glacial kettle hole. The loch lies in the South Ayrshire Council Area, Parish of Dalrymple, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>In the 1870s the OS map shows that the loch was circa 200 yards (180 metres) long by 100 yards (90 metres) wide, roughly oval in shape, and of an extent of 1.125ha or 2.78 acres however a section to the south-west had been infilled, possibly with quarrying waste from the nearby abandoned quarries. The loch was fed by burns running down from near Boghall and Balsarroch.</p><br>
<h3>Drainage</h3><br>
<p>The loch&#39;s drainage may have begun in the 18th century when Alexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton, was pursuing a number of agricultural improvements on his extensive estates and other landowners followed his example. Some drainage work may have taken place in the 1740s because of the improvements undertaken to provide employment for Irish estate workers during the Irish potato famines of the 1740s and the mid 19th centuries. Many drainage schemes also date to the end of World War I when many soldiers returned en masse to civilian life.</p><br>
<h3>Uses</h3><br>
<p>An outflow once ran down towards Dustyhall and joined the Purclewan Burn that powered the mill at Burnton. It is recorded that drainage works were carried out in 1790.</p><br>
<p>Curling matches are recorded at the loch on 15 January 1850 and on 19 December 1844. A curling pond was still recorded in the late 1890s.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>In 1790 Smith records that a bronze tripod ewer was found in Lindston Loch, measuring 95/8 inches high, by 3¼ inches across the mouth, spreading out to 41/8 inches. It has a spout and handle and is regarded being of late medieval origin; for many years it was kept at the Dalrymple Manse. A bronze tripod ewer, with spout and handle, almost identical to the Lindston Loch specimen, was found at nearby Skeldon. The old Roman road from the Solway Firth and the Clyde ran near here, passing from Causeway Farm onto Perclewan and Lindston. The above mentioned ewer was found near this road</p><br>
<p>Lindston Camp sat above the loch, on the nearly level summit of a broad ridge 400 feet above the sea. A circular wet ditch, 2l feet wide and 2 or 3 deep to the surface of the weedy water, encloses a space 130 feet in diameter, scarcely rising above the surface of the surrounding field, and has no trace of a rampart. The earthwork remains may possibly been a henge commanding magnificent views in all directions. The entrance has been in the E where a causeway (7m broad) crosses the ditch.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The meaning of Lindston may derive from Lind, the Scots for a Lime (Tilia sps) or Linden tree. It was also used in the general sense of woodland. The overall sense being that of a rocky outcrop within woodland.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The loch in 1846 was well stocked with pike, perch, and eels, and was frequented by wild-duck, teal, widgeon, and other aquatic fowl. An extensive woodland extends towards Lindston Farm and large areas of reeds (Phragmites sps) are present. The loch site recorded as a wildlife site within South Ayrshire. The OS maps of the 1870s show a plantation beneath Lindston Farm and extensive areas of willow scrub have developed.</p><br>
<h2>Nelly Kilpatrick</h2><br>
<p>When Robert Burns was 15 he met his first young love, Nelly Bone, better known as Nelly Kilpatrick in this part of Ayrshire. Nelly was the daughter of the Perclewan hamlet miller and they met when William Burns hired some extra help to bring in the harvest while they were at nearby Mount Oliphant Farm. It was with Nelly in mind that he wrote his first song "Handsome Nell" –</p><br>
<p>"O once I lov&#39;d a bonnie lass,</p><br>
<p>Aye, and I love her still</p><br>
<p>And whilst that virtue warms my breast,</p><br>
<p>Ill love my handsome Nell."&#39;</p><br>
<p>Some years later Burns wrote of this song, saying –</p><br>
<p>"I never had the least thought or inclination of turning poet till I got once heartily in love, and then rhyme and song were, in a manner, the spontaneous language of my heart. I remember I composed it in a wild enthusiasm of passion, and to this hour I never recollect it but my heart melts, and my blood sallies at the remembrance."</p><br>
<p>The George F. Clifford House is a historic house located at 17 High Road in Cornish, York County, Maine. Built c. 1874, the house is a high-quality example of Greek Revival style, despite being built nearly 15 years after the style fell out of favor. It was built for George Franklin Clifford, son of United States Supreme Court Justice Nathan Clifford. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 10, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is set in the main village of Cornish, at the northern side of the junction of High Road and Fiddle Lane. Immediately to the northwest, facing Main Street, stands the Caleb R. Ayer House, the home of George Clifford&#39;s uncle, Secretary of State Caleb Ayer.</p><br>
<p>It is a 2-1/2 story wood-framed structure, with a side gable roof, twin interior chimneys, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. The south-facing main facade is five bays wide, with paired windows flanking a center entrance with window above. The entrance is set in a recess that is demarcated by pilasters, and includes sidelight windows and a rectangular multi-light transom window. The corners have paneled pilasters, which rise to an entablature and cornice that encircle the building. A hip-roofed, single-story porch extends across the front and around to the east, with a geometrically patterned railing and square posts with scroll-cut brackets. The house is joined via a narrow hyphen to a period carriage house. Its interior retains a high degree of original woodwork and hardware.</p><br>
<p>According to family history, the house was built for George F. Clifford by his father, United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Nathan Clifford in about 1874; it is not depicted on an 1872 map of the village. The younger Clifford was at that time already in a law partnership with his uncle, Caleb Ayer, and the north-facing secondary entrance faces the Ayer house. It is unclear why the house was built in the Greek Revival style, which had effectively been out of fashion for over ten years.</p><br>
<p>Rich Mountain is a mountain located in the North Carolina High Country, northwest of the town of Boone. Its elevation reaches 4,741 ft.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is sometimes confused with Howard Knob, which is to its immediate east; sharing the same ridge to the west is Snakeden Mountain. Its summit can be reached by taking Fire Tower Road; depending on vegetation, visitors can get clear views of Boone and the surrounding areas.</p><br>
<p>The mountain generates several feeder streams to the South Fork New River (via Doe Fork) and the Watauga River (via Laurel Fork).</p><br>
<h2>Rich Mountain #2</h2><br>
<p>A second Rich Mountain is also located south of Boone, near Moses H. Cone Memorial Park. Its elevation reaches 4,199 ft. Because its within both the Pisgah National Forest and Blue Ridge Parkway it is protected from development. From 1922-1985, Camp Yonahlossee (Cherokee for "Trail of the Bear") was located at the western side of the mountain, it was one of the oldest all girls camp in North Carolina; today it is a resort and club.</p><br>
<p>The mountain generates several feeder streams to the South Fork New River (via Winkler Creek) and the Watauga River (via Cannon Branch).</p><br>
<p>The School of Tropical Medicine , was an educational institution created in 1926 by an act of the Puerto Rican Legislature, to further the research initiated by the Anemia Commissions and the Institute of Tropical Medicine on anemia and its causes. The institution existed as an independent entity until 1949, when it was integrated into the School of Medicine of the University of Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Puerto Rico Anemia Commission</h3><br>
<p>Captain Bailey K. Ashford, a medical doctor, was a member of the United States Army Medical Corps which accompanied the United States Army when Puerto Rico was invaded during the Spanish–American War in 1898. As the medical officer in the general military hospital in Ponce, he was the first to describe and successfully treat North American hookworm in 1899.</p><br>
<p>Because of his clinical investigations into the anemia caused by hookworm infestation, Ashford was inspired to organize and conduct a parasite treatment campaign. It cured approximately 300,000 persons (one-third of the Puerto Rico population) and reduced the death rate from this anemia by 90 percent.</p><br>
<p>Ashford and Dr. Isaac González Martínez encouraged the government to undertake a program to reduce hookworm and anemia. They were appointed as the founding members of the Puerto Rico Anemia Commission, established in 1904 by the Insular Government. Ashford had discovered that hookworm infestation was the principal cause of anemia on the island. He served on the Commission from 1904–1906. Medical research in Puerto Rico had its beginning with the "First Anemia Commission."</p><br>
<p>In 1911, Ashford together with doctors Isaac Gonzalez Martinez, Pedro Gutiérrez Igaravides and Walter King, proposed that the local government create an Institute of Tropical Medicine to further the research initiated by the Anemia Commissions. In 1912, the local legislature approved the proposal and established the Institute of Tropical Medicine.</p><br>
<h3>School of Tropical Medicine</h3><br>
<p>The President of the Puerto Rican Senate, Antonio R. Barceló, was attending a conference in New York City when he was approached by professors Jose Antonio Lopez Antongiorgi and Abraham L. Goodman from the Medical School of Columbia University. They spoke about the need for establishing a medical school in Puerto Rico where scientific investigations could be conducted into tropical diseases. Senator Barceló became interested in the idea and, on June 23, 1924, he sponsored the legislation which provided Governor Horace Towner, with the prerequisite funding for the school.</p><br>
<p>The School of Tropical Medicine was formally dedicated in 1925. It was the first school in the United States and its territories, founded for the purpose of researching and training physicians in the cause and prevention of tropical diseases. Located in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, the school&#39;s building is one of the few examples of the Neo-Plateresque architectural style on the Island. In 1926, new legislation expanded the Institute of Tropical Medicine into the School of Tropical Medicine of the University of Puerto Rico, which was operated under the sponsorship of Columbia University. An agreement was made between the University of Puerto Rico and Columbia University in regard to the finances of the institution.</p><br>
<p>Having completed a 30-year Army career, Ashford assumed a full-time faculty position at the school and continued his interest in tropical medicine. Together with doctors Isaac González Martínez and Ramón M. Suárez Calderon, he continued his research and study of anemia.</p><br>
<p>González Martínez conducted many investigations and experiments in parasitology, bilharzia, lepra and typhoid fever. During his years at the institution, González Martínez founded Anales de Medicina de Puerto Rico, a scientific journal. He was elected president of the Medical Academy of Puerto Rico in 1917. In 1919, he published a chapter on his findings of the Intestinal Bilharzias in the book La Práctica de la Medicina en el Trópico.</p><br>
<p>Suárez Calderon identified the proper and effective treatment of a type of anemia known as tropical sprue, the application of complex methods, such as electrocardiography and radioisotope, to be used in clinics and the identification and treatment of the disease which causes heart rheumatism. Suárez Calderon continued Ashford&#39;s work and investigations on anemia after the latter’s death. In 1938, he published his scientific findings on tropical sprue.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, the institution offered courses in tropical medicine and nutrition. Most of the students continued their graduate work at Columbia University. In May 1930, the University of Puerto Rico offered two degrees of Master of Arts for the students who continued their education and work at the School of Tropical Medicine.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, William B. Castle and his assistant Cornelius P. Rhoads studied hookworm and tropical sprue in relation to anemia. They were able to treat some patients with liver extract, which efficacy was being studied. Dr. George C. Payne continued to study anemia in 1936 and 1937.</p><br>
<h3>UPR School of Medicine</h3><br>
<p>The agreement between the University of Puerto Rico and Columbia University in regard to the School of Tropical Medicine was terminated by mutual consent in 1948.</p><br>
<p>In May 1949, the Puerto Rican Legislature authorized the creation of the School of Medicine of the University of Puerto Rico, also known as the UPR School of Medicine. The School of Tropical Medicine was merged into the new school, and admitted its first class in August 1950. On September 29, 1983, the building in which the School of Tropical Medicine was located was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Crane-Phillips House, located in Cranford in Union County, New Jersey, United States, is a Victorian cottage in the architectural style of Andrew Jackson Downing, the first American architect. The Crane-Phillips House is now a museum operated by the Cranford Historical Society that offers visitors a glimpse of what life was like for a modest family in the Victorian era of opulence. It illustrates the late 19th century as the era of invention and highlights inventions that changed everyday life for the average person by way of the house&#39;s second owners, the Phillips family. Henry J. Phillips, a Civil War veteran of the 7th New York Militia, was one of the first inventors of the modern kitchen range hood. His brother, Dr. Charles H. Phillips, was the inventor of Phillips Milk of Magnesia.</p><br>
<p>The museum features a collection of Native American artifacts, American Revolutionary War and American Civil War artifacts, other arms and armaments, 19th century tools and farm implements, a Victorian parlor, and a Victorian girls bedroom circa 1870. Changing exhibits include major displays from the Societys extensive antique clothing collection.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>"The Little House on the Rahway," as the Crane-Phillips House is known, was first built about 1840 by Josiah Crane (namesake of nearby Josiah Crane Park) as a honeymoon cottage for his son, Josiah Crane Jr. The Cranes were the first settlers to come to the area in the early 18th century (1715), build mills on the river and establish a farm on the west side of the Rahway River. Josiah Crane was the third son of John Crane III; John Crane II was born in Elizabeth in 1723, son of John Crane, who first settled along the river in Cranford around 1715.</p><br>
<p>Josiah Crane Jr. sold the property in 1867 to Henry and Cecelia Phillips, who lived there until Henry&#39;s death in 1911. It was Mr. and Mrs. Phillips who built most of the cottage in the Downing style.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The Cranford Historical Society has been in the middle of a major restoration project to restore the museum to much the way it looked in the late 19th century, modernize and upgrade, and create new and better permanent exhibits including an authentic late 19th century kitchen. The project&#39;s completion will transform the "Little House" into a living history museum where costumed docents help bring visitors back in time. The museum will continue to feature permanent and changing exhibits that depict three centuries of local history as it relates to the history of New Jersey and the nation.</p><br>
<p>The Crane-Phillips House Museum is on the National and State Register of Historic Places and was named an "American Treasure" by the White House Millennium Council and the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1999. It is one of several historic houses noted by the Cranford Historical Preservation Advisory Board.</p><br>
<p>Ballysaggartmore Towers are two ornate entrance lodges  that are situated on the former Ballysaggartmore Demesne approx 2.5 kilometres from the town of Lismore in County Waterford, Ireland. The structures are considered architectural "follies".</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>They were constructed for an Anglo Irish Landlord, Arthur Keily-Ussher no later than 1834. He held an estate of approximately 8000 acres, the majority of which was rented to tenant farmers but he retained approximately 1000 acres as a personal demesne. The lodges were constructed on the main avenue leading to the family&#39;s residence; Ballysaggartmore House.</p><br>
<p>The house itself was large but of a very plain design, which was in obvious contrast to the lodges. An account from 1834 indicates that a main house predated the lodges. This account also reports that they were built from designs by the head gardener; John Smyth and that the main entrance gates were forged locally for the sum of about £150.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore and folly</h2><br>
<p>Local lore suggests that the grand entrance lodges were built as a prelude to an extravagant mansion that Keily-Ussher intended to build but never did as he ultimately ran out of funds due of their construction, and that his building pursuits were spurred on by his jealous wife who was envious of her sister in-law who lived at the stately Strancally Castle. However no contemporary account exists from the period.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Controversy surrounds Arthur Keily-Ussher. He has been accused of being a harsh landlord and evicting tenants who were unable to pay their rents during the Great Famine (1845-1849) and an attempt was made on his life during the period.</p><br>
<h2>Post Keily-Ussher</h2><br>
<p>Keily-Ussher died c.1862 and the estate was sold by a liquidator. The house, gardens and some of the lands were purchased by the Woodroofe family and these were later owned by a family named Anson. The house was destroyed by arson attack during the Civil War period and the ruined stone fabric was removed in the mid 20th century. One of the lodges was still in use as a private residence in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Era</h2><br>
<p>The lodges are un-roofed but extant and are surrounded by forested land. A walking trail encompassing them has been developed, a picnic and parking area is also provided as part of this public amenity.</p><br>
<p>The Summit Playhouse is a theater in Summit, New Jersey and home to one of the oldest continuously operating amateur community theaters in the United States producing a new show each calendar season. In 2011, it presented Meet Me in St. Louis, Closer Than Ever, and Speed the Plow.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original stone Romanesque building designed by Arthur Bates Jennings was constructed in 1891 as the town&#39;s first library. A municipally-operated Summit Public Library was established in 1900, and in 1910 the library was moved to another building, leaving the Romanesque building under-utilized but still belonging to the library. In 1918, The Playhouse Association was founded as a World War I relief organization, and the theatrical group rented the empty older library from the Summit Library Association for one dollar a year for the next fifty years on condition that the group maintain the facility. In 1960, a 120-seat auditorium was added and the original 1891 structure was converted into a stage. The Summit Library Association officially deeded the building to the theater in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Directors</h2><br>
<p>Norman Lee Swartout (1918).</p><br>
<p>Bjarkøya is an island in the municipality of Harstad in Troms county, Norway. It was the main island of the former municipality of Bjarkøy, with the old administrative centre of Bjarkøy, Nergården, located on the island. Bjarkøy and Harstad merged on 1 January 2013. The island is located north of Grytøya and northwest of Sandsøya, with the Andfjorden to the northwest and the Vågsfjorden to the southeast. The main church for the island is Bjarkøy Church in Nergården.</p><br>
<p>The proposed Bjarkøy Tunnel will connect the village of Austnes on the southeastern tip of the island to the northeastern tip of the neighboring island of Grytøya. This tunnel is part of the Bjarkøy Fixed Link project that will also have a bridge from Grytøya to Sandsøya.</p><br>
<p>The Hachinger Bach is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It flows southwards of Munich, through the townships of Oberhaching, Taufkirchen, Unterhaching and Unterbiberg, and enters the Munich city area in Perlach. It is twelve kilometers long.</p><br>
<p>The source of the Hachinger Bach is in a former glacial valley between the districts of Deisenhofen and Oberhaching, where water from the Deininger wetland flows as groundwater through the Gleißental, which connects to the Hachinger Tal. About 100 metres into the Hachinger Tal, the ground becomes progressively wetter due to exudation of groundwater, until a small stream forms. Due to fluctuations in the water table, no location can be assigned as the source.</p><br>
<p>To keep the stream from running dry, water is piped into it. The stream is further fed by additional groundwater and influx from sources such as the Taufkirchen duckpond. The flint layer that had kept the groundwater close to the surface, allowing the stream to form, drops deeper just north of Unterhaching, which also causes the water table to drop. That would have caused the river to go underground in the gravel of the Munich floodplain, but due to the formation of a silt bed caused by the stream itself, it only goes underground just north of Ostpark at the borders of the districts of Perlach, Ramersdorf and Berg am Laim.</p><br>
<p>Like almost all waterways in Germany, the Hachinger Bach was regulated in the past, and had its course altered to suit current requirements, for example being routed around Neubiberg air base. In the meantime, long sections of the riverbed were restored, for example in the Hachinger Tal landscape park at the location of the previous airfield.</p><br>
<p>The stream currently flows along the western edge of the Ostpark and then crosses under Heinrich-Wieland-Straße, and ends after a further 120 m in an intake with an automatic rake to remove fouling from the grate. An infiltration basin next to the intake serves to contain water when the flow rate is too high for the intake, to avoid flooding. Since 1933, the stream has been carried by an underground concrete pipeline from this point up to the railway triangle south of the A94 at the southernmost point of the Munich district called Bogenhausen, where it feeds the Hüllgraben, which starts from there. The pipe runs under Kampenwandstraße, turns along the Hachinger-Bach-Straße east until St.-Veit-Straße. It runs north under St.-Veit-Straße until it leads to the point when it flows into the Hüllgraben. The Hüllgraben flows into the Johanneskirchen wetland in the Abfanggraben, which flows into the central Isar canal at the Neufinsing hydroelectric station.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1980s, the residents of Berg am Laim have requested that the 3.8 km section between Ostpark and Hüllgraben should be brought to the surface. From the underground intake to the Josephsburg U-Bahn station pavilion at Kreillerstraße, there is already a dry riverbed, but the original plans to route the stream to the surface at the 2005 Bundesgartenschau failed due to budget insufficiencies. In 2009 the plan was raised again at a citizens&#39; meeting, without concrete results.</p><br>
<p>The name of the stream is derived from the Hacho Bavarii, who built settlements along the stream in the 5th and 8th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The stream used to dry up approximately every seven years, and would reappear in the following year. Because the connection with groundwater was not known in these days, a number of legends grew up around the stream, in which the devil was made responsible for the disappearance of the stream. Other variants describe two brothers disputing about who would inherit a mill on the stream: because they could not agree, God made the stream vanish into the earth upstream of the mill, so that it would not run anymore.</p><br>
<p>Haslochbach is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Main east of Hasloch.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Hasellochbach rises at the Haselbrunnen in the upper Haseltal, at the foot of the Geiersberg, the highest elevation of the Spessart.</p><br>
<p>Passing through two small ponds the rivulet then flows to the south and underneath the of the major motorway Bundesautobahn 3. It then becomes the border between the districts of Miltenberg and Main-Spessart and gradually turns more to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>It flows past the village of Schollbrunn, which is located on the hill to the south. Beginning at the Zwieselsmühle (water mill) the valley of the Haslochbach is called Mühlental and the flows into the Haslochbach from the north. The brook then passes the Nickelsmühle and the Fechermühle near the ruin of the medieval. At the Fechermühle, the or Klosterbach flows into the Haslochbach from the west, from the direction of the nearby Grünau Charterhouse. This marks the end of the Mühlental.</p><br>
<p>The Haslochbach then flows south past the Barthelsmühle, parallel to the road ST2316, and into the Main, east of Hasloch.</p><br>
<p>Fairview Cemetery is a graveyard in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It was for many years the only non-Catholic cemetery in the city. There are roughly 3,700 people buried there. The graveyard is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The graveyard was established in its current location during the 1880s by James T. Newhall and Preston H. Kuhn. As declared in the opening entry of the Fairview Cemetery Company minutes, "The necessity of having and maintaining a proper place for burial of the dead in the town of Santa Fe, N. M., being apparent, Mr. James T. Newhall and Mr. Preston H. Kuhn made an estimate of the amount that would be required for the purpose..." The oldest gravestones date to the 1860s, belonging to people who were originally buried in the Masonic and Odd Fellows graveyard which used to be in downtown Santa Fe. Most of these bodies were moved to Fairview during the period 1895 – 1901.</p><br>
<p>Many Santa Fe residents who were prominent in their day are interred at Fairview, including Gerald Cassidy (1869-1934), Thomas B. Catron (1840-1921), Isabel Lancaster Eckles (1877-1971), Maximilian Frost (1852-1909), Luis Gold (1820-1880), Joseph Hersch (1822-1901), Napolean Laughlin (1844-1924), Frank E. Mera, MD (1870-1970), Miguel Antonio Otero (1859-1944), John Pflueger (1864-1961), William J. Slaughter (1858-1905), Abraham Staab (1839-1913), Julia Staab (1844-1896), William Thornton (1843-1916), and Carlos Vierra (1876-1937).</p><br>
<p>The Cemetery is now operated as a nonprofit organization by the Fairview Cemetery Preservation Association (FCPA). The FCPA holds its annual clean-up event in mid-May each year, followed by a general membership meeting. In early 2013, Fairview Cemetery staff oversaw construction of a cement wall several feet above and below grade to limit prairie dog intrusion into the Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Walcott Covered Bridge is situated at a point where Kentucky Highway 1159 used to cross Locust Creek in Bracken County, Kentucky. A concrete bridge was constructed in 1954, about 200 feet northwest of the covered bridge and the older structure was then bypassed by highway traffic. The bridge was severely damaged by floods in 1997 and 1998 and engineers determined a location about 400 feet east of the original site would be better for the bridge&#39;s chances of survival. The bridge was reconstructed in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The bridge construction is a combination of Queen post and King post type truss. The sides are completely enclosed and the exterior is painted white. It is 75 feet in length, has a horizontal clearance of 14 feet, and a vertical clearance of 13 feet and six inches. The bridge is built of poplar and rests atop two stone abutments.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of explanations for covered bridge construction. Most consider that the boarded sides and shingled roof protected the bridge floor and sub-structure from deterioration. It is also said that horses crossed covered bridges more easily without being able to see the streams underneath them.</p><br>
<p>Little Cultus Lake is a natural lake in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. Near its larger and more popular twin Cultus Lake to the north on the other side of Cultus Mountain, it is located in the Deschutes National Forest in the Cascade Range. Like Cultus Lake, it is named after the Chinook Jargon word "cultus", meaning "in vain" or "worthless".</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Little Cultus Lake is located a little more than 2 mi directly south of Cultus Lake, and 50 mi southwest of Bend. It is located off of the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway, which winds through the terrain featuring similar natural lakes.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Little Cultus Lake is known for its fishing of Rainbow trout and brook trout, the latter of which was stocked by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife until in 1997. Fly fishing, bank fishing, and trolling are the most common fishing methods on the lake. Since the brook trout are no longer stocked, they are a bit more rare than the rainbows. They are usually 8 to 12 in but are occasionally as long as 16 in.</p><br>
<p>Little Cultus Lake has a campground with 31 campsites, as well as a paved boat launch. It is located toward the southeast side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>To aid the fishing experience, Little Cultus Lake has a speed limit of 10 mph. This also makes fishing in the lake available to people in kayaks or float tubes.</p><br>
<p>The Miles City Waterworks Building and Pumping Plant Park is a National Registered Historic Place located in Miles City, Montana. It was added to the Register on September 26, 1979.</p><br>
<p>It served as waterworks for Miles City from 1911 to 1974.</p><br>
<h2>WaterWorks Art Museum</h2><br>
<p>The building is currently being used as the WaterWorks Art Museum, formerly known as the Custer County Art and Heritage Center.</p><br>
<p>The museum features exhibitions of regional and national art and changing exhibitions drawn from its permanent collections. The collections include photos of area Native Americans, immigrant settlers and city builders prior to the 1950s, and a contemporary collection of regional art from the mid-1900s through the present. Art classes and outreach programs are offered for children and adults.</p><br>
